2. EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE PART 2: Informing Community Stakeholders About Global Earthquake Disaster Situations Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. The Process of Becoming an Informed Community Stakeholder is Like Learning How to Fly a Plane Using A Flight Simulator so: SIMULATE GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE SITUATIONS UNTIL THEY BECOME YOUR REALITY

4. YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE PPREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

5. RESILIENCY POLICIES PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR ANYTHING) PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND) SCENARIOS (KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT) PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR ANYTHING) PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND) SCENARIOS (KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT)

6. RESILIENCY POLICIES EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SAVE LIVES & PROTECT PROPERTY) RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION (RESTORE & NORM- ALIZE SERVICES) EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SAVE LIVES & PROTECT PROPERTY) RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION (RESTORE & NORM- ALIZE SERVICES)

7. AN INFORMED COMMUNITY STAKE HOLDER MAKES GOOD DECISIONS BASED ON THE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE ON GLOBAL EARTH- QUAKE REALITIES MAKES GOOD DECISIONS BASED ON THE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE ON GLOBAL EARTH- QUAKE REALITIES

8. BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE TOOLS FOR ENACTING AND IMPLEMENTING POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, SCENARIOS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, and RECOVERY & RECONSTRUCTION

10. BOOK OF BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And EM HI-ED And EM HI-ED

11. OCCURRENCE (PLATE TECTONICS, LOCATION, FAULTING, SEISMICITY, …)

12. Earthquakes occur as the result of global interactions between and within tectonic plates in the lithosphere that are slowly moving past each other as the result of stresses created by heat flow from deep inside the Earth.

13. THE TECTONIC PLATES Figure 2.29

15. Schematic Diagram of the Faulting Mechanism NORTHNORTH WESTWEST

16. NORTHNORTH WESTWEST

17. SITUATION: SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE

18. OCCURRENCE The Seismicity Record Contains Information on WHERE, HOW BIG, HOW DEEP, and HOW OFTEN

19. SEISMICITY: EUROPE

20. SEISMICITY: USA

21. SEISMICITY: MID-AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN BASIN

22. PHYSICAL EFFFECTS (TSUNAMIS, GROUND SHAKING, GROUND FAILURE, …)

23. REGIONAL DEFORMATION EARTHQUAKE TSUNAMI VIBRATION FAULT RUPTURE FOUNDATION FAILURE AMPLIFICATIONLIQUEFACTION LANDSLIDEAFTERSHOCKSSEICHE DAMAGE/LOSS DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS

24. SITUATION: A TSUNAMI TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION OTHER LOCATIONS INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN, HAWAII, CARIBBEAN, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, WESTERN USA, AND MEDITERRANEAN TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION OTHER LOCATIONS INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN, HAWAII, CARIBBEAN, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, WESTERN USA, AND MEDITERRANEAN

25. SIZE (VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL WAVE RUNUP) OF A TSUNAMI TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT 800 KM/ HOUR, SLOWING TO 50-500 KM/HR AS SHORE IS REACHED WAVE HEIGHTS CAN REACH 30 M OR MORE WAVES CAN TRAVEL 2 KM OR MORE INLAND TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT 800 KM/ HOUR, SLOWING TO 50-500 KM/HR AS SHORE IS REACHED WAVE HEIGHTS CAN REACH 30 M OR MORE WAVES CAN TRAVEL 2 KM OR MORE INLAND

26. SITUATION: STRONG GROUND SHAKING Ground Shaking records Indicate The Strength, Duration, And Dominant Frequencies of Ground Shaking

27. PROBABILISTIC GROUND SHAKING MAP SPATIAL VARIATION OF THE SEVERITY OF GROUND SHAKING EXPECTED DURING A SPECIFIC EXPOSURE TIME

28. SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE: LIQUEFACTION

29. SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE: LANDSLIDE

30. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS (DAMAGE, LOSS OF FUNCTION, COLLAPSE, LOSS OF LIFE, LOSS OF HABITAT, LOSS OF JOBS, LOSS OF CONFIDENCE, LOSS OF ECONOMIC LOSSES, …)

31. SITUATION: URBAN DAMAGE

32. SITUATION: INTERIOR LOSS OF FUNCTION

33. SITUATION: FAILURE OF URM BUILDING

34. SITUATION: COLLAPSE OF HIGH-RISE APARTMENT UNIT

35. SITUATION: DAMAGE TO HOUSING UNITS

36. SITUATION: 56 MILLION DAMAGED BUILDINGS

37. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF HOSPITAL

38. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL

39. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY

40. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION: ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY

41. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF AIRPORT

42. SITUATION: DISRUPTION OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES

43. SITUATION: DAM FAILURE

44. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TO UTILITY CORRIDOR

45. SITUATION: RADIOACTIVITY LEAK

46. SITUATION: DEATH TOLL REACHED 220,OOO+

47. SITUATIONl: 88,000 DEAD

48. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

49. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION IN PORT AREA

50. SITUATION: RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

51. SITUATION: OIL REFINERY FIRE

52. SITUATION: LOSS OF POWER AND LOSS OF FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY

53. SITUATION: LOSS OF FIRE FIGHTING CAPABILITY

54. SITUATION: EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

55. SITUATION: NEED FOR TEMPORARY SHELTER

56. SITUATION: LOSS OF BUSINESS

57. SITUATION: LOSS OF 40 PERCENT OF GDP

58. HIGH VELOCITY OF INCOMING WAVES TSUNAMIS DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP AND RUNOFF VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FLOODING INADEQUATE WARNING SYSTEMS PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

59. SITUATION: $309 BILLION LOSS FROM TSUNAMI WAVES

60. SITUATION: NEED FOR FOOD AND WATER

61. SITUATION: LOSS OF REFINERY SERVICES