1. ■Essential Question: –In what ways were the “Southern” and “Northern” British colonies different from each other? ■Warm-Up Question: –What impact did Britain’s policies of salutary neglect & mercantilism have on the colonies?

2. Regional Differences Among the British Colonies

3. The Economies of the Colonies ■The British colonies produced a variety of profitable materials & were populated by a variety of diverse peoples ■By the 1700s, the differences among the “Southern” & “Northern” colonies led to long-term differences among these societies

4. “Southern” Colonies “Northern” Colonies

5. Slavery in the “Southern” Colonies ■Slavery in the Southern colonies was far more common than in the Northern colonies: –Cash-crop agriculture, like tobacco & rice, required workers –By 1660, fewer indentured servants were coming to America –80-90% of Southern slaves were field workers, most on plantations

7. Slavery in the “Southern” Colonies ■Slave culture in the South: –Slaves came from a variety of places in West Africa & had a variety of languages & cultures –Music & dance were used to maintain their African culture –Families were common, but marriage was not recognized –Slave religion often blended African rituals with Christianity

8. The Slave Population ■Slavery led to resistance: –Runaway slaves were common –Sabotaging of field tools & intentionally slowing down the work were common techniques of slave resistance Stono Rebellion –In 1739, in South Carolina 150 slaves led the Stono Rebellion against white plantation owners

9. Social Mobility ■Northern colonies offered greater social mobility than the South: –Social status was less dependent upon ownership of land –Numerous professional & trade professions in cities –Benjamin Franklin represented opportunities in colonial society; He used scientific innovation & political writing to gain world fame

10. The Great Awakening

11. Decline in Religious Devotion ■By the 1700s, American colonists saw a decline in religious devotion: –Church sermons were seen by many as “cold” & impersonal ■In the 1730s & 1740s, the Great Awakening was a series of revivals in which of people experienced religious conversion in response to gifted preaching

12. The Great Awakening ■Preachers like Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield were the most popular evangelists: –Used “fire & passion” to encourage people to examine their eternal destiny (“New Light”) –Preached sermons to 1,000s in large “camp revivals” –Encouraged questioning of established churches

14. The Great Awakening ■The Great Awakening impacted all the colonists & led to: –New universities were formed to educate “New Light” preachers –Contact among scattered colonists in different regions (1 st “national” American event) –Decline in Puritan & Anglican faiths & rise of Methodists, Baptists, & other denominations Brown, Rutgers, & Princeton