Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byCuthbert McKenzie Modified over 9 years ago
1
Carbon Compounds Chapter 2 Section 3 Part 2
2
Objectives Describe the unique qualities of carbon Describe the structures and functions of each of the four groups of macromolecules
3
Important Vocabulary Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Lipid Nucleic acid Nucleotide Protein Amino acid
4
Functional Groups Are a cluster of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecule they are attached to They also play a role in the type of reactions a molecule participates in
5
Most Common Functional Groups
6
Other Functional Groups
8
Hydroxyl Group -OH Makes molecules polar Is hydrophilic, which means “water loving” Molecules with this group are water soluble An alcohol is an organic compound that has a hydroxyl group attached
9
Carboxyl Group -COOH The carbon atom is attached to an oxygen atom by a double bond and to a hydroxyl group by a single bond Organic compounds that contain this group are called carboxylic acids
10
Amino Group -NH 2 Found in amino acids and amines Makes compounds water soluble and have a higher boiling point
11
Phosphate Group -PO 4 Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and ecology Inorganic phosphates are mind to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry Most phosphates are not water soluble
12
Nucleic Acids Are very large & complex molecules They store & transfer important information in the cell Composed of monomers called nucleotides 2 types: DNA RNA
13
Nucleotides Three parts to a nucleotide: A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate & a nitrogenous base
14
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid 2 strands Composed of 4 types of nucleotides & a sugar-phosphate backbone Contains all the information that determines the characteristics of an organism
15
RNA Ribonucleic Acid 1 strand Composed of 4 nucleotides & a sugar- phosphate backbone Stores and transfers information from DNA to make proteins They also act as enzymes
16
RNA vs DNA
17
Proteins Are composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen They are made up of monomers known as amino acids There are 20 different amino acids Amino acids are connected to each other with peptide bonds Control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes Important in cell structures and transportation of disease fighting substances in or out of cells
19
Amino Acids All 20 amino acids share a basic structure
20
Dipeptides 2 amino acids hooked together by a peptide bond Formed through a condensation reaction
21
Polypeptides Are amino acids in really long chains Proteins are often made of 1 or more polypeptides Because they are so big, they fold into special forms: Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
22
Protein Structures
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.