1. The Scientific Method of Investigation

2. Communicate Results Scientific Question Hypothesis Procedure The Scientific Method Conclusions Results Experiment

3. Problem Solving at its BEST!

4. Scientists ask questions about things they want to know more about. PURPOSE: To solve a problem!

5. The Scientific Question/Problem The process starts with an observation, a question or a problem. What do you want to find out? out?

6. Sample Experiment Sample Experiment Scientific Question: Which gets hotter in the sun; water in a black cup or water in a white cup?Which gets hotter in the sun; water in a black cup or water in a white cup?

7. Try it! Work together to write a question that can be answered by experimenting. Make sure there is a testable factor or independent variable!

8. A scientist changes ONE factor (independent variable) and observes or measures what happens (dependent variable) and keeps ALL OTHER factors (controls) the same. Controls and Variables

9. INDEPENDENT variable - The factor that is changed: “ I change” INDEPENDENT variable - The factor that is changed: “ I change” DEPENDENT variable - The factor that is measured or observed: “It changes” DEPENDENT variable - The factor that is measured or observed: “It changes” Variables

10. Ex. Who has a faster reaction time boys or girls? IV: IV: DV: DV: VARIABLE PRACTICE

11. Will Coke or Mountain Dew keep you awake longer at night? IV?DV?

12. Controls The scientist makes a special effort to keep other factors constant so that they will not affect the outcome. The scientist makes a special effort to keep other factors constant so that they will not affect the outcome. Those factors are called CONTROLS Factors that stay the SAME! Those factors are called CONTROLS Factors that stay the SAME! This also ensures for a FAIR experiment! This also ensures for a FAIR experiment!

13. Ex. Who has a faster reaction time boys or girls? Controls: 1.SAME start line 2.SAME ruler 3.SAME age 4.SAME time of day 5.SAME start method ETC! CONTROL PRACTICE

14. Sample Experiment Controls and Variables: Which gets hotter in the sun; water in a black cup or water in a white cup? Name the IV and DV Name the IV and DV Identify 3 controls Identify 3 controls

15. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a guessA hypothesis is a guess about what might happen in about what might happen in an experiment based on research an experiment based on research or background information. or background information. A hypothesis is just your educated A hypothesis is just your educated guess : guess : I think ___ because ____. I think ___ because ____.

16. Try it! With your group, come up with a With your group, come up with a hypothesis for this scientific question: If I flip a coin ten times, how many times will the coin show “heads”? I think __________ because _____. Now flip a coin ten times. Was your hypothesis correct?

17. Sample Experiment Hypothesis: I think the water in the black cup will get hotter because I know that when I wear a black t-shirt in the summer my temperature increases.I think the water in the black cup will get hotter because I know that when I wear a black t-shirt in the summer my temperature increases.

18. Preparing to Experiment 1.Need to gather your materials 2.Design a procedure

19. Materials All items to carry out yourAll items to carry out your experiment are your materials. experiment are your materials. Be sure to list everything you use andBe sure to list everything you use and the quantities (numbers) needed. the quantities (numbers) needed. Be very detailed! Be very detailed!

20. Try it! Try it! List all of the materials that you would use to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

21. Procedure The procedure should list step by step directions on how you did your experiment.The procedure should list step by step directions on how you did your experiment. It should be detailed enough so that someone could follow your procedure and get the same results.It should be detailed enough so that someone could follow your procedure and get the same results. 12345

22. Are the steps numbered? Are the steps numbered? Are the directions written as commands? Are the directions written as commands? Did you write one direction per line? Did you write one direction per line? Are measurements/amounts included? Are measurements/amounts included? Are the directions detailed and specific? Are the directions detailed and specific? Do the directions follow an orderly Do the directions follow an orderly progression? progression? How to Write Procedure

23. Try it! Write the procedure for how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

24. Sample Experiment Materials: 1 (10 ml) black plastic cup1 (10 ml) black plastic cup 1 (10 ml) white plastic cup1 (10 ml) white plastic cup 20 ml of water20 ml of water 2 thermometers2 thermometers

25. Sample Experiment Procedure: 1.Fill each cup (black and white) with 10 ml of water at 10 *C. 10 ml of water at 10 *C. 2.Place a thermometer in each cup. 3.Place the two cups in a sunny location. location. 4.Observe and record the temperature of the water in each cup every 30 minutes the water in each cup every 30 minutes for three hours. for three hours.

26. Results and Observations Results are exactly what happens Results are exactly what happens during your experiment/use your during your experiment/use your senses and your science vocabulary. senses and your science vocabulary. Be specific and detailed in your Be specific and detailed in your explanation. explanation. Show your results on a graph, on aShow your results on a graph, on a table, or explain it in words. table, or explain it in words.

27. Try it! Blast a pipette full of vinegarBlast a pipette full of vinegar onto 5 grams of baking soda. onto 5 grams of baking soda. Describe your results withDescribe your results with scientific and sensory terms scientific and sensory terms How could you make aHow could you make a quantitative (number) quantitative (number) graph? graph?

28. Sample Experiment Time 12:00 12:30 1:001:302:002:303:00 Temp 60 62 63 64 65 67 White Cup (All temperatures in degrees Celsius) Black Cup Time 12:00 12:30 1:001:302:002:303:00 Temp 60 62 65 67 69 71 74 Table of Results

29. Graph of Results Graph of Results time temperature

30. Written Results As I observed the temperature of the two cups, I noticed that the temperatures started to differ by the end of the first half hour. The water in the black cup was 2 degrees celsius higher. (black= 62, white= 60) After an hour, the water in the white cup was 62, and the black cup was 65. The water in the black cup continued to rise above the white cup. After 3 hours the water in the white cup was 67 degrees, while the water in the black cup heated to 74 degrees celsius.

31. Conclusions Conclusions Conclusions are ideas that we haveConclusions are ideas that we have or connections that we make after or connections that we make after we finish an experiment. we finish an experiment. 1.Restate the question 2.Answer the question with trends in your data. 3.Make a summary statement.

32. Sample Experiment The water in the black cup heated up faster than the water in the white cup. By experimenting, I found that the water in the black cup heated up faster by 10 degrees then the white cup and reached a higher temperature. Black is a color that absorbs the heat. The water in the black cup heated up faster than the water in the white cup. By experimenting, I found that the water in the black cup heated up faster by 10 degrees then the white cup and reached a higher temperature. Black is a color that absorbs the heat. Conclusion: Conclusion:

33. Communicate Results Communication is an essential part of science. Communication is an essential part of science. Scientists report their results in journals, on the internet, or at conferences. Scientists report their results in journals, on the internet, or at conferences.

34. Communicate Results This allows their experiments to be evaluated and repeated. This allows their experiments to be evaluated and repeated. Scientists can build on previous work of other scientists and maybe propose a theory. Scientists can build on previous work of other scientists and maybe propose a theory. Do you know a science theory? Do you know a science theory?

35. Sometimes results are unexpected: Sometimes results are unexpected:  This is ok!  This is ok!  REPEAT THE EXPERIMENT  REPEAT THE EXPERIMENT Communicate Results

36. I Hear and I Forget I See and I Remember I Do and I Understand - Chinese Proverb - Chinese Proverb

37. Web Sites Used: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/nceas.web/kids/scimethod.html http://www.brainpop.com/science/scientificinquiry/scientificme thod/preview.weml http://www.brainpop.com/science/scientificinquiry/scientificme thod/preview.weml http://www.quia.com/jg/65726.html