1. Phonological Acquisition Theory: kids can't hear the sounds – Problems: Kid has same pronunciation for bus, brush, duck, cart, card, and mouse He can point to the right one when asked

2. Phonological Acquisition Theory: kids can't hear the sounds – Problems: Kid has same pronunciation for bus, brush, duck, cart, card, and mouse He can point to the right one when asked So he has a good ear, not a good mouth

3. Phonological Acquisition Theory: kids can't hear the sounds – Problems: In wired binki experiment babies distinguish between all kinds of sounds

4. Phonological Acquisition Theory: kids can't hear the sounds – Problems: In wired binki experiment babies distinguish between all kinds of sounds Kids hate it when you use their pronunciations. They know it isn't right (mikeywave)

5. Phonological Acquisition Theory: sounds are too hard for kids to pronounce – What's that – A nake – A snake – Yeah a nake

6. Phonological Acquisition Theory: sounds are too hard for kids to pronounce – What's that – A nake – A snake – Yeah a nake – Say snake – Nake – No, snake – Take

7. Phonological Acquisition Theory: sounds are too hard for kids to pronounce – What's that – A nake – A snake – Yeah a nake – Say snake – Nake – No, snake – Take – What sound do snakes make? – SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

8. Phonological Acquisition Theory: sounds are too hard for kids to pronounce – Kids babbled sounds they don't use in words

9. Phonological Acquisition Theory: sounds are too hard for kids to pronounce – Kids babbled sounds they don't use in words – Kids use sound correctly in some words but not others mouth as moush but shoe as sue

10. Phonological Acquisition Theory: Genetic program that allows some sounds first and others later

11. Phonological Acquisition

12. Theory: Genetic program that allows some sounds first and others later – The idea is that kids learn phonological contrasts in a particular order

13. Phonological Acquisition Theory: Genetic program that allows some sounds first and others later – The idea is that kids learn phonological contrasts in a particular order – The statistical tendency is there, but it's not set in stone

14. Phonological Acquisition Theory: Genetic program that allows some sounds first and others later – Similar idea: more “natural” or easier sounds are learned first

15. Phonological Acquisition Theory: Genetic program that allows some sounds first and others later – Similar idea: more “natural” or easier sounds are learned first – How do you determine naturalness or ease?

16. Phonological Acquisition Theory : Kids are little scientists figuring the system out as they go – Malapropisms by kids retain rhythmic pattern – monument for ornament retain number of syllable change first consonant sound – Kids remember initially stressed words easier – Kids remember words with consonant with same voicing

17. Phonological Processing In Dutch /b d g/ devoice word finally – verwijden[vervejdən]to widen – verwijten[vervejtən]to reproach

18. Phonological Processing In Dutch /b d g/ devoice word finally – verwijden[vervejdən]to widen – verwijten[vervejtən]to reproach – verwijd[vervejt]widen – verwijt[vervejt]reproach

19. Phonological Processing In Dutch /b d g/ devoice word finally So how do they handle novel words? – If they end in [p t k] they could have /p t k/ in stem

20. Phonological Processing In Dutch /b d g/ devoice word finally So how do they handle novel words? – If they end in [p t k] then could have /p t k/ in stem – Or, they could have /b d g/ in stem that is devoiced

21. Phonological Processing Experiment – ik dent, ik tief (I ____ (present tense)) – “What is the past tense form” – In Dutch -te is put after voiceless phones and - de after voiced phones.

22. Phonological Processing Experiment – ik dent, ik tief (I ____ (present tense)) – “What is the past tense form” – In Dutch -te is put after voiceless phones and - de after voiced phones. – People could say: tiefte or tievde dentte or dendde

23. Phonological Processing Hypotheses – People will always use -te since they always hear a voiceless stop

24. Phonological Processing Hypotheses – People will always use -te since they always hear a voiceless stop – People will randomly use -te or -de

25. Phonological Processing Hypotheses – People will always use -te since they always hear a voiceless stop – People will randomly use -te or -de – People will choose -te or -de depending on how similar the test word is to other Dutch verbs

26. Phonological Processing Hypotheses – People will always use -te since they always hear a voiceless stop – People will randomly use -te or -de – People will choose -te or -de depending on how similar the test word is to other Dutch verbs – More evidence that language processing is analogical

27. Phonological Processing When to Americans flap /t/? – It needs to be between vowels or after an r or l city, altar, faculty, atom, auto not interior, atrium, attract, tense

28. Phonological Processing When to Americans flap /t/? – It needs to be between vowels or after an r or l city, altar, faculty, atom, auto not interior, atrium, attract, tense – It needs to be followed by a stressless syllable city, altar, faculty, atom not attack, atonement

29. Phonological Processing Stress predicts 98% of cases

30. Phonological Processing Experiment – Which sounds more natural to you? ['də ɾ ejs] or ['dət h ejs] [də't h ejs] or [də' ɾ ejs]

31. Phonological Processing Experiment – Which sounds more natural to you? ['də ɾ ejs] or ['dət h ejs] [də't h ejs] or [də' ɾ ejs] People favored flaps when followed by an unstressed syllable People favored /t/ when followed by a stressed styllable

32. Phonological Processing When to Americans flap /t/? – What about syllable structure? Theory 1: flaps occur in the onset – ci.ty, a.tom

33. Phonological Processing When to Americans flap /t/? – What about syllable structure? Theory 1: flaps occur in the onset – ci.ty, a.tom Theory 2: flaps occur in the coda – cit.y, at. om

34. Phonological Processing When to Americans flap /t/? – What about syllable structure? Theory 1: flaps occur in the onset – ci.ty, a.tom Theory 2: flaps occur in the coda – cit.y, at. om Theory 3: flaps are ambisyllabic – (ci(t)y), (a(t)om)

35. Phonological Processing When to Americans flap /t/? – What about syllable structure? Theory 1: flaps occur in the onset – ci.ty, a.tom Theory 2: flaps occur in the coda – cit.y, at. om Theory 3: flaps are ambisyllabic – (ci(t)y), (a(t)om) – How could you prove one or the other?

36. Phonological Processing Experiment: how do you divide words? photon ___ FOW / TAHN ___ FOWT / AHN ___ I’m not sure

37. Phonological Processing Experiment: how do you divide words? photon ___ FOW / TAHN ___ FOWT / AHN ___ I’m not sure (This can't test ambisyllabicity)

38. Phonological Processing Experiment: What influences the syllabification of /t/ into the onset? – stress?

39. Phonological Processing Experiment: What influences the syllabification of /t/ into the onset? – stress? No a.ttáck no likelier than á.ttic

40. Phonological Processing Experiment: What influences the syllabification of /t/ into the onset? – vowel quality?

41. Phonological Processing Experiment: What influences the syllabification of /t/ into the onset? – vowel quality? Not by itself

42. Phonological Processing Experiment: What influences the syllabification of /t/ into the onset? – vowel quality by pronunciation of /t/?

43. Phonological Processing Experiment: What influences the syllabification of /t/ into the onset? – vowel quality by pronunciation of /t/? Yes People put words with [t h ] pronunciation in onset – when lax vowel preceded it » a.ttach » sa.tire – and when tense vowel preceded it » pho.ton

44. Phonological Processing Experiment: What influences the syllabification of /t/ into the onset? – vowel quality by pronunciation of /t/? Yes But, people put words with flap pronunciation in the coda when lax vowel preceded it: – att.ic – flutt.er and in the onset when a tense vowel preceded it: – suit.or – teet.er

45. Phonological Processing Experiment: What influences the syllabification of /t/ into the onset? – vowel quality by pronunciation of /t/? Yes But, people put words with flap pronunciation in the coda when lax vowel preceded it: – att.ic – flutt.er and in the onset when a tense vowel preceded it: – suit.or – teet.er – So flaps occur in both the coda and the onset – How does that fit with theory that flaps are conditioned by being in onset or coda?

46. Phonological Processing Does ambisyllabicity condition flaps? – Experiment: What is the first part of city: ci or cit? What is the second part of city: y or ty?

47. Phonological Processing Does ambisyllabicity condition flaps? – Experiment: What is the first part of city: ci or cit? What is the second part of city: y or ty? – Ambisyllabicity if first part is cit and second is ty.

48. Phonological Processing Does ambisyllabicity condition flaps? – Experiment: What is the first part of city: ci or cit? What is the second part of city: y or ty? – Ambisyllabicity if first part is cit and second is ty. – Words with [t h ] had it mainly in the onset first part of attack is a- second part of attack is -ttack

49. Phonological Processing Does ambisyllabicity condition flaps? – Experiment: What is the first part of city: ci or cit? What is the second part of city: y or ty? – Ambisyllabicity if first part is cit and second is ty. – Words with flap had it in onset, coda, ambisyllabic. All over the place

50. Phonological Processing Does ambisyllabicity condition flaps? – Experiment: What is the first part of city: ci or cit? What is the second part of city: y or ty? – Ambisyllabicity if first part is cit and second is ty. – Words with flap had it in onset, coda, ambisyllabic. All over the place – So, ambisyllabicity (or onset or coda) is not consistently associated with flaps and therefore, can't condition them