1. Antar Abdellah

2.  Performance: “all the activity of a given participant on a given occasion which serves to influence in any way any of the other participants” [Goffman]  Participants in an interaction need to know who (what kind of person) they are talking to and therefore look for signs in people’s appearance and behavior.  Individuals express themselves and impress others in some way.

3.  Speakers tend to use varieties of English, or other languages, to foreground different aspects of their identity.  Speaking Style: the distinctive ways of speaking associated with particular speakers or particular contexts.  Sociolinguistics: p. 105

4.  Asian Americans tend to exaggerate intonation of the pronoun- their speaking style. [ activity 1].  Answering on behalf of a boy, clothing, hair and stance…. Style performance…  Certain linguistic features (accent, dialect..etc) acquire a complex of social meanings, based on their association with particular social groups, settings and activities.

5.  Eckert identifies differences in the speaking styles of fe/male Ss in a high school.  Speaking in a certain way..help to construct a particular identity.  Grammatical features [use of negation], and pronunciation [certain vowels].  Burnouts and jocks differences p. 107

6.  Nerd identity : socially inept, studious  Nerds (and squares) are not cool… [extract p. 108]  Pronunciation of nerdy and trendy Ss..  Erich & Beth: falling intonation, lengthened sounds, resisting reduction.. Commnet p. 110

7.  The fact of switching signals different aspects of identity: local solidarity (based on Swahili) and educatedness/ upward social mobility (based on English) p. 111

8.  Colloquial and standard English  Standard serves the identity of a hostess  Slang serves the identity of a friend and a community member  Pearl: I’m so glad you could make it  Ain’t this rain awful?  [p. 111].  Code switching/ style shifting

9.  The use of language which does not belong to the speaker; especially in ethnic boundaries.  Used for insulting others [ reading 2, example 1, p. 132]  Ex 1: change of lang.  Ex 2: using Creole  Ex 3: change into Indian

10.  Language crossing is a form of double voicing according to BAKHTIN.  CARRYING THE TASTE OF OTHER SPAKERS AND OTHER CONTEXTS.

11.  People use language to style themselves.  Style shift to indicate identity or association with certain groups.  Language shifting  Code switching  Language crossing  Double voicing

12.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNijOxDI ejM  As you watch this video find the following:  - example of language for identity  -example of code switching (why?)  - a metaphor  - a pun (verbal or non verbal)  - example of language crossing  - example of style shifting

13.  Triangulation  Diachronic  Ethnomethodology  Prosody  Paralanguage