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2.  The skin accessory organs, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair and the nails largest organ in the human body  The skin together with its accessory organs, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair and the nails forms the largest organ in the human body. covers 1.5-2m 2 and represents 16% of body weight.  This system covers 1.5-2m 2 and represents 16% of body weight.  The skin and its accessory organs integumentary system  The skin and its accessory organs form the integumentary system. 2

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4. three major layers of tissue epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer  The human skin is composed of three major layers of tissue: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis  The epidermis is the top layer of skin made up of epithelial cells. The dermis  The dermis is the middle layer of skin, composed of dense irregular connective tissue such as collagen with elastin. The subcutaneous layer  The subcutaneous layer is the innermost layer, containing fatty tissue 4

5.  The epidermis main functions areprotection, absorption of nutrients and homeostasis.contains different types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells and Langerhans cells.  The epidermis main functions are protection, absorption of nutrients and homeostasis. Also contains different types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells and Langerhans cells.  Accumulations of melaninmelanosomes  Accumulations of melanin are packaged in melanosomes. These granules form a pigment shield against UV radiation. blood vessels  It does not contain blood vessels 5

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7. middle layer of the skin that offers elasticityconnective tissues and collagen fibers.  The dermis is the middle layer of the skin that offers elasticity. It is composed of connective tissues and collagen fibers. site for the hair folliclessweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, sensory receptors, nerve fibers and muscle fibers.  The dermis provides a site for the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, sensory receptors, nerve fibers and muscle fibers. 7

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9. underneath the dermishypodermis  The subcutaneous is the layer of tissue directly underneath the dermis. It is also called hypodermis. fat cells and connective tissue.  This layer of tissue is composed of fat cells and connective tissue. insulation, the storage of energy and aiding in the anchoring of the skin.  Its functions include insulation, the storage of energy and aiding in the anchoring of the skin. integumentary system  It is the thickest layer of the integumentary system 9

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11.  Protection  Temperature regulation  Sensations  Storage of chemical compounds  Excretion of wastes  Synthesis of compounds  Determines characteristics 11

12. Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum basale 12

13.  Cutaneous Pathology (dermatopathology) microscopic examination of skin biopsies specific diagnosis or a list of differential diagnoses.  Cutaneous Pathology (dermatopathology) is the microscopic examination of skin biopsies in order to determine a specific diagnosis or a list of differential diagnoses. Hematoxylin and Eosin  Usually the diagnosis can be determined by the routine stain for tissue sections (Hematoxylin and Eosin). 13

14. patient history selected for that purpose age, sex and site of skin biopsy investigated patients should be provided  The skin lesions which developed recently according to the patient history should be selected for that purpose. Detailed clinical information (age, sex and site of skin biopsy) of the investigated patients should be provided.  Biopsies from healthy donors analyzed for control purposes in some cases.  Biopsies from healthy donors may be analyzed for control purposes in some cases. 14

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18. very common skin condition characterized blackheads and whiteheadspus-filled spots  Acne is a very common skin condition characterized by comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) and pus-filled spots (pustules). puberty and varies in severity from a few spots on the face, back and chest, which most adolescents.  It usually starts at puberty and varies in severity from a few spots on the face, back and chest, which most adolescents. 18

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21.  A basal cell carcinoma (BCC) type of skin cancer melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.  A basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer. There are two main types of skin cancer: melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. non-melanoma skin cancer, and is the most common type (> 80%) of all skin cancer.  BCC is a non-melanoma skin cancer, and is the most common type (> 80%) of all skin cancer. 21

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24. dermatitis’ eczema the same thing  The words ‘dermatitis’ and ‘eczema’ are interchangeable and mean the same thing.  Dermatitis inflammation of the skin. inflammation is caused by contact with something in the environment  Dermatitis means an inflammation of the skin. The term ‘contact dermatitis’ is used when this inflammation is caused by contact with something in the environment. 24

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26.  Fungal infections onychomycosis, as tinea unguium, and as ringworm of the nails athlete’s foot – a common infection of the skin of the feet  Fungal infections of the nails are also known as onychomycosis, as tinea unguium, and as ringworm of the nails. The fungi are usually those that cause athlete’s foot – a common infection of the skin of the feet. live in the keratin that makes up the outer layer of the skinbut they can also invade the hard keratin of which nails are made. fungal infection of a nail.  In athlete’s foot the fungi live in the keratin that makes up the outer layer of the skin, but they can also invade the hard keratin of which nails are made. When this happens, the result is a fungal infection of a nail. 26

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28.  Cutaneous malignant melanoma cancer of the pigment cells of the skin.  Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a cancer of the pigment cells of the skin. If it is treated early, the outlook is usually good.  Melanocytes sometimes grow together in harmless groups or clusters moles 10 and 50 moles and often they are darker than the surrounding skin.  Melanocytes sometimes grow together in harmless groups or clusters, which are known as moles. Most people have between 10 and 50 moles and often they are darker than the surrounding skin. invade the skin around them and may also spread to other areas such as  They can then invade the skin around them and may also spread to other areas such as the lymph nodes, liver and lungs. 28

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