1. Toby Li, Wern Ong, Joe Sun, Stephanie Wu, Christine Zhang

2.  Athletes need a means to non-invasively continuously monitor lactate anaerobic threshold for use in training  Current systems are expensive and cumbersome and require a laboratory environment

3.  Non-invasive  Low cost  Easy to use/simplistic  Continuous monitoring  Real-time feedback

4.  Continuous monitoring  Performance Evaluation  Training Exercises  Potential Users  Athletes & Professional Sports ▪ 400,000 college athletes  Sport Enthusiasts ▪ 467,000 marathon runners in U.S. 2009

5.  Produce a novel method for monitoring lactate anaerobic threshold in exercise situations that is…  Hygienic  Easy to use  Noninvasive  Accurate  Inexpensive

6.  Lactate anaerobic threshold sensing  1 mmol resolution  80% users surveyed agree that device is  Comfortable  Less than 2 minute lag time  Less than $30 per unit  Reusable up to 10 times

7.  Sensor detects lactate levels in saliva  Lactate level transduced into electrical signal  Electrical signal triggers notification mechanism  Athlete modifies training accordingly

8. Saliva and blood lactate levels show high correlation Embed microfluidic lactate sensor in mouth guard sensor & processor

9. Wires running from mouth guard would be cumbersome Cost of microprocessor for wireless data collection is prohibitive $150 – 800 5

10.  Common mouth guard dimensions (7.5 cm × 7.5 cm × 2.5 cm )  Example saliva lactate sensor design (5.5mm×6.4mm×0.7mm)

11.  Part of the mouth guard removed from where the chip and gel will be installed  Chamber for electro-sensitive gel and films connected to working electrode (red) and reference electrode (green)  Thin film of mouth guard material seals the chip and gel

12.  Modifying existing saliva lactate chip to better suit this application  Connecting Working Electrode and reference electrode to the gel chamber  Selection of electro-sensitive gel  Inherent variance of human lactate baseline and threshold

13. Decide on design Synthesize Validate