1. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Adolescents Module One Nicole Trabold, CSW Doctoral Student School of Social Work University at Buffalo

2. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation What is Domestic Violence Frequently referred to as: Frequently referred to as: “Battering” “Battering” “Spouse Abuse” “Spouse Abuse”

3. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Commonly referred to today as Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Commonly referred to today as Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

4. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Definition Is the violence committed by a spouse, ex-spouse, or current or former partner (heterosexual and homosexual relationships) and can manifest in four forms Is the violence committed by a spouse, ex-spouse, or current or former partner (heterosexual and homosexual relationships) and can manifest in four forms All definitions per the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2003 All definitions per the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2003

5. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Four Categories of Violence Physical Physical Sexual Sexual Threats of Physical or Sexual Harm Threats of Physical or Sexual Harm Psychological/Emotional Psychological/Emotional

6. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Physical Violence The intentional use of physical force with the potential to cause death, disability, injury, or harm The intentional use of physical force with the potential to cause death, disability, injury, or harm Pushing Pushing Punching Punching Biting Biting Slapping Slapping Kicking Kicking Choking Choking Use of a Weapon Use of a Weapon

7. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Sexual Violence The use of physical force to compel a person to engage in a sexual act against their will The use of physical force to compel a person to engage in a sexual act against their will Attempted or completed sex act involving a person that is unable to consent Attempted or completed sex act involving a person that is unable to consent Abusive sexual contact Abusive sexual contact

8. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Threat of Physical or Sexual Violence Use of words, gestures or weapons to communicate the intent to cause: Use of words, gestures or weapons to communicate the intent to cause: Death Death Disability Disability Injury Injury Physical Harm Physical Harm

9. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Psychological/Emotional Abuse Trauma to a victim caused by acts or threats of acts, or coercive tactics such as: Trauma to a victim caused by acts or threats of acts, or coercive tactics such as: Humiliating the victim Humiliating the victim Controlling the victim Controlling the victim Destroying property Destroying property Using the children to control the victims behavior Using the children to control the victims behavior Withholding money and/or transportation Withholding money and/or transportation Isolation from friends and family Isolation from friends and family

10. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Motivation = Domination and Control Motivation = Domination and Control Strategy = Purposeful Coercion Strategy = Purposeful Coercion Tactics = Selectively Chosen Tactics = Selectively Chosen Pattern = Episodic, Recurrent, Chronic Pattern = Episodic, Recurrent, Chronic Impact = Injury, Fear, Pain, Isolation Impact = Injury, Fear, Pain, Isolation American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology

11. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Fighting vs. Abuse Arguments, disagreements, and differences of opinion are part of a ‘normal’ relationship. Arguments, disagreements, and differences of opinion are part of a ‘normal’ relationship. What distinguishes an abusive relationship is the ongoing pattern of disproportionate control and coercion What distinguishes an abusive relationship is the ongoing pattern of disproportionate control and coercion Abuse is not a ‘fight’ between people of equal power, but occurs where there is an imbalance of power and control tactics are used Abuse is not a ‘fight’ between people of equal power, but occurs where there is an imbalance of power and control tactics are used

12. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation What causes IPV? What causes IPV?

13. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Theoretical Frameworks Social Learning Theory (Bandura) Social Learning Theory (Bandura) Emphasis on observational learning Emphasis on observational learning Violence was modeled and emphasized Violence was modeled and emphasized Those that love you hit you Those that love you hit you Those you love are people who can hit you Those you love are people who can hit you Feminist Theory Feminist Theory Violence is the result of a patriarchal social system that gives men responsibility for control over their female partners Violence is the result of a patriarchal social system that gives men responsibility for control over their female partners

14. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Social Exchange Theory Social Exchange Theory Interaction is guided by a cost – reward analysis Interaction is guided by a cost – reward analysis Resource Theory Resource Theory Nested within exchange Nested within exchange Primary concept power Primary concept power

15. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Power and Control Wheel

16. © 2004-2005 CDHS College Relations Group Buffalo State College/SUNY at Buffalo Research Foundation Equity Wheel