1. Columns Lesson 1 Orders of architecture

2. D Winchester July 20102 Orders of architecture Learning Outcomes To be able to indentify the order of architecture, in Greek and Roman columns

3. D Winchester July 20103 Orders of architecture Columns are round or cylindrical pillars, resting on a base and crowned by a spreading mass called the capital.

4. D Winchester July 20104 Orders of architecture Columns There are just three ancient and original. These orders of architecture, the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, were invented by the Greeks. To these the Romans added the Tuscan, which they made simpler than the Doric, and the Composite, which was more ornamental than the Corinthian.

5. D Winchester July 20105 Orders of architecture The Greek Doric order The Doric is without a base and has a very simple capital, and it is a column divided into twenty flutes. It has no enrichments.

6. D Winchester July 20106 Orders of architecture The Ionic Greek Order This column has a base and the capital is ornamental with volutes or spirals. The shaft is fluted with twenty four flutes which are separated by flat fillets (Reeds). Reeds and flutes are formed on columns

7. D Winchester July 20107 Orders of architecture The Corinthian Greek Order This resembles the Ionic; its distinguishing feature is its capital, which is ornamental with rows of Acanthus leaves. The shaft is fluted with twenty four flutes which are separated by flat fillets (Reeds).

8. D Winchester July 20108 Orders of architecture The Tuscan order has a very plain design, with a plain shaft, and a simple capital, base, and frieze. It is a simplified adaptation of the Doric order by the Romans.

9. D Winchester July 20109 Orders of architecture The composite order is a mixed order, combining the volutes of the Ionic order capital with the Acanthus leaves of the Corinthian order.

10. D Winchester July 201010 Orders of architecture Entasis is the term given to a convex curve of a column surface for aesthetic purposes.

11. D Winchester July 201011 Task Study the picture below and identify the order of order of architecture Answer Doric

12. D Winchester July 201012 Task Study the picture below and identify the order of order of architecture Answer Composite

13. D Winchester July 201013 Task Study the picture below and identify the order of order of architecture Answer Tuscan entasis

14. D Winchester July 201014 Task Use the internet to find and print for your folders a pictures of the two different orders of architecture, 3 Greek 2 Roman

15. Columns Lesson 2 Forming a column

16. D Winchester July 201016 Forming a column The distance around a circle is called the circumference. The distance across a circle through the centre is called the Diameter.  is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter. Thus, for any circle, if you divide the circumference by the diameter, you get a value close to .

17. D Winchester July 201017 Forming a column The radius of a circle is the distance from the centre of a circle to any point on the circle. If you place two radii end-to- end in a circle, you would have the same length as one diameter. The diameter of a circle is twice as long as the radius. This relationship is expressed in the following formula: d=2r, where d is the diameter and r is the radius

18. D Winchester July 201018 Forming a column A running mould is constructed, and the radius is set from the centre pin to the inside of the running mould. Two pre-fabricated collars are run on a bench using plaster of Paris.

19. D Winchester July 201019 Forming a column They are then attached to the column using casting plaster. Using a spirit level and straight edge they are checked to make sure that they are plumb.

20. D Winchester July 201020 Forming a column To reduce the amount of plaster required to float the column, it can be built out in strips of plasterboard. The column is then floated from prefabricated collars.

21. D Winchester July 201021 Forming a column Once the column is floated out, it is keyed with a devil float, then skimmed to a smooth finish.

22. D Winchester July 201022 Forming a column An Astragal is moulding profile. It can be used at the top or base of a column. When running the Astragal, the same process is used as forming the pre- fabricated collars. This time a metal profile is attached. The Astragal is run in plaster of Paris.