1. Early Christian and Byzantine
The Worshipping Community
Early Christian and Byzantine
Chapters 8+9, Nuttgens, Story of Architecture

2. Santa Costanza Rome c.350
fig130
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

3. Catacombs off the Via Latina, Rome 4th century
Christians did not adopt Roman cremation but wanted to be buried, near an apostle’s grave
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History
fig131

4. Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome 432-440
fig132
Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
Basilica plan with nave arcaded in classical trabeated style: lintels rest on columns
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

5. Santa Sabina, Rome 422-430 Nave arcaded by arches resting on pillars
fig133
Santa Sabina, Rome
Nave arcaded by arches resting on pillars
Opens up the plan
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

6. Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem
Built by Constantine
Replaced apse at the end by an octagonal chapel
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History
fig134

7. Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem 326-333

8. Old Basilica of St. Peter, Rome c.330
Replaced vaults with simple walls and columns holding up wooden roofs
Built over the graves of a saint – holy person
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History
fig135

9. San Apolinare in Classe, Ravenna c. 534-549
Free-standing campanile – bell tower
Earliest example of a round tower
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

10. Mausoleum of Galla Placida, Ravenna 420
Interior burst of colourful Byzantine mosaics
fig137
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

11. St. Simeon Stylites
Amalgamation of congregational basilica with centralized shrine
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

12. Europe 530 AD

13. Europe 814 AD

14. San Vitale Ravenna Italy (532-548)
Entry
San Vitale Ravenna Italy ( )

15. San Vitale Ravenna Italy (532-548)
Aerial View

16. San Vitale, Ravenna (Interior)

17. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) Plan and Satellite Photo

18. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Sections)
Cross-Section
Longitudinal-Section

19. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Isometric)
Cross-Section
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Isometric)

20. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) External Views

21. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Ext. Overview)

22. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) Interior Views

23. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) Dome

24. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Details)

25. Monastery Church, Daphni
Each area developed its own version of Hagia Sophia
Monastery Church, Daphni
fig147

26. Hosios Loukas Monastery
The cross-plan is expressed on the exterior by separate pan-tiled roofs over the different sections

27. Byzantine Churches
Mistra - fortified town contains the Palace to the last Byzantine emperor and was a centre of Byzantine scholarship
Church of St. Theodore
Megistis Lavras - one of 20 monasteries on the island of Mount Athos

28. St. Mark’s, Venice
Refugees from the barbarian hordes crossed the Adriatic lagoons to create Venice.
St. Mark’s is a Greek-cross, five-domed church based on Justinian’s Church of the
Holy Apostles in Constantinople
The magnificent facade has three tiers of semicircular shapes with 5 deep-set doorways between a two-tier paling of little pillars; five rounded gable ends with ogee eyebrows

29. St. Mark’s Venice Lead covered domes with garlic-bulb finials.
Inside, it is entirely sheathed in a molten skin of gold mosaic

30. Ani Cathedral, Armenia
Ani, capital of Armenia, was once the city of a thousand churches; now abandoned to grassland
Reconstruction

31. Ani Cathedral, Armenia

32. Santa Sophia, Kiev
The Russian contribution to the Byzantine style is the onion dome which swells outward before curving inward.
Santa Sophia was originally built with one large dome and 12 smaller apostle domes but was elaborated with extra aisles and domes

33. St. Basil’s, Moscow Built by Ivan the Terrible in 1550
A cluster of smaller domes surrounds the central dome
The many-coloured tiling was added in the 17th century

34. St. Basil’s, Moscow