1. NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS IN THE USA Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. FLOODS

3. HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF RISK EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK

4. FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS ) Too much water inserted quickly in the regional drainage system to be accommodated normally within the water cycle Erosion Scour Mudflows

5. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

6. DAMAGE INJURIES UNACCEPTABLE RISK COLLAPSE DEATHS LOSS OF FUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSS RISKRISK

7. USA’SCOMMUNITIESUSA’SCOMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE PROTECTION PEPAREDNESS EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY FIVE PILLARS OF RESILIENCE

8. SOME OF THE USA’S NOTABLE FLOODS LOW MORTALITY, BUT VERY HIGH ECONOMIC LOSSES

9. THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER: THE USA’S # 1 FLOOD LABORATORY :

10. THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH: A MAJOR FLOOD LABORATORY: :

11. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 1889 JOHNSTON, PENNSYLVANIA FLOOD DEATHS: 2,200

12. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 1927 GREAT MISSISSIPPIE RIVER FLOOD DEATHS: 246

13. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 1928 ST FRANCIS DAM FAILURE IN CALIFORNIA DEATHS: 400

14. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 1937 OHIO RIVER FLOOD (PENN., OHIO, KY, WV, INDIANA, ILLINOIS) DEATHS: 385

15. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 1993 GREAT MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN FLOOD DEATHS: 50

16. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 2005 LEVEE FAILURES IN NEW ORLEANS AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA DEATHS: 70 8

17. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 2009 RED RIVER FLOOD DEATHS: 4 8

21. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 2010 TENNESSEE FLOOD DEATHS: 31

22. CUMBERLAND RIVER: FLOODING NASHVILLE

23. USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS 2010 ARKANSAS FLOOD DEATHS: 20

24. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT

25. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES) RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING) REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES) RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING) DATABASES MAPS: 100-YEAR AND 500-YEAR FLOODS FLOOD DISASTER SCENARIOS DRONE PLANES HAZMAT MANAGEMENT DATABASES MAPS: 100-YEAR AND 500-YEAR FLOODS FLOOD DISASTER SCENARIOS DRONE PLANES HAZMAT MANAGEMENT

26. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES

27. RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS PURPOSE PREVENTION PROTECTION LAND USE CONTROL PURPOSE PREVENTION PROTECTION LAND USE CONTROL TECHNIQUE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT FLOOD CONTROL (LEVEES, LOCKS, AND DAMS) ZONING MAPS (BUILD – NO BUILD) TECHNIQUE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT FLOOD CONTROL (LEVEES, LOCKS, AND DAMS) ZONING MAPS (BUILD – NO BUILD)

28. LEVEE SYSTEM: NEW ORLEANS

29. MORGANZA SPILLWAY WITH 125 FLOODGATES

30. SAND BAGS: LEVEE AUGMENTATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN 2.5 MILLION SAND BAGS AUGMENTED SANDBAGS AND REDUCED LOSSES IN THE 1993 MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD

31. HOOVER DAM: NEVADA FLOOD CONTROL (AND SOURCE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER) IN THE WESTERN USA