1. Warmup How many river basins are in North Carolina? Which two river basins border Apex? Write two facts about your river basin from Friday.

2. Warmup Which direction does water flow? (Think of the creek behind the school) What are three more things you would like to know about the creek?

3. EXPLAIN RIVER SYSTEMS INCLUDING NC RIVER BASINS, AQUIFERS, AND WATERSHEDS. EXPLAIN HOW FLOOD EVENTS MIGHT BE AFFECTED BY GROUNDWATER LEVELS. 2.3.2bc Rivers, Aquifers, and Floods

5. Path of a drop of water… Remember: A drop of water can either infiltrate into the ground (groundwater) or runoff the surface into a river or stream

6. Surface Water and Ground Water Groundwater and surface water have a reciprocal relationship, regularly feeding each other. Most streams and rivers get about half their volume from groundwater.

7. Floods During a flood, surplus surface water helps recharge groundwater.

8. Flood and Flood Control A flood occurs when the discharge of a stream becomes so great that it exceeds the capacity of its channel and overflows its banks.

9. Flooding What are some things that cause flooding?  Heavy Rain  Rapid Spring Snowmelt Why are floods bad?  They cause damage  They can come without warning (flash floods)  They can hurt people  Cost a lot of money What are some floods that you have heard of, why were they dangerous? – Discuss with a partner

10. Flooding There are several methods used to help prevent flooding:  Artificial levees  Create Dams  Sandbags  Limit construction around areas known to flood Mississippi Flooding  What caused the flood?  What caused the most damage during the Flood?

11. Floods Lots of water = landslides too

12. Drainage Basins A drainage basin is the land area that contributes water to a stream. A divide is an imaginary line that separates the drainage basins of one stream from another.

13. Drainage System Pattern formed by streams, rivers, and lakes Depends on  Topography of the land (landforms)  Hard or soft rocks  Gradient of the land (how steep it is) Divided from each other by topographic barriers (mountains/high points) called a watershed

14. Rivers Flow of a river or stream is due to GRAVITY. Velocity of a river is due to the geology of the watershed  How steep, how narrow, much water, etc Discharge (volume rate of water flow; or how much water is passing by) is measured by:  Width x Depth x Velocity

15. River basin activity One color:  Trace highest points (divide of river basin) Another color:  Trace lowest points (drainage pattern of river system) Transfer/redraw boundaries of river basin and drainage pattern on a separate piece of paper.  Turn in w/group member names.

16. Warmup What did you learn in this unit (2.3 Hydrosphere)? What question(s) do you have for the test today?