2. THE JUDICIARY

3. “JUSTICE”

4. DUAL COURT SYSTEM

5. LARGER OR SMALLER ROLE THAN OTHER NATIONS???

6. FOUNDERS IDEA?? SMALL ROLE…

7. DON’T EVEN ASK…

8. BUT, IF YOU MUST…

9. STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST VS. ACTIVIST (LOOSE)

10. ORIGINALIST VS. “LIVING DOCUMENT” THEORY

11. NOT THE SAME AS LIBERAL/DEM. VS. CONSERVATIVE/REP.

12. 1 ST AMENDMENT 2 ND AMENDMENT

13. JURISDICTION (“RIGHT TO SAY”)

14. ORIGINAL VS. APPELLATE

15. FEDERAL COURTS (LIMITED)

16. FEDERAL QUESTIONS (Constitution) AND DIVERSITY CASES (state issues)

17. STATE COURTS (GENERAL)

18. EVOLUTION OF THE COURTS

19. THREE ERAS

20. 1787 TO 1865 *LEGITIMACY *SLAVERY

21. THE M&M CASES

22. MARBURY V. MADISON 1803

23. JUDICIAL REVIEW M v. M (1803)

24. McCULLOCH V. MARYLAND 1819

25. NATIONAL SUPREMACY AND THE ELASTIC CLAUSE “NECESSARY AND PROPER”

26. DRED SCOTT V. SAN(D)FORD 1857

27. AMENDMENTS (13-14-15) DUPE (INCORPORATION)

28. 1865 TO 1937 *ECONOMY

29. REGULATION OF COMMERCE?

30. THE COMMERCE CLAUSE!!!

31. THE COMMERCE CLAUSE!!

34. 1938 TO PRESENT *CIVIL LIBERTIES

35. TODAY’S ERA? INTERNET GUN SALES ABORTION RIGHTS MARRIAGE “OBAMACARE”

36. COURT STRUCTURE 94-12-1

37. SELECTING JUDGES

38. PRES.-APPOINTS SENATE-CONFIRMS

39. FDR-1936 REELECTION “COURT PACKING”

40. SENATORIAL COURTESY

41. “BLUE SLIP”

42. LITMUS TEST (KEY ISSUES?)

43. GETTING TO THE SUPREME COURT

44. “STANDING”

45. WRIT OF CERTIORARI (RULE OF 4)

46. 1%-2%

47. ROLE OF LAW CLERKS

48. IN FORMA PAUPERIS (GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT – 1963)

49. FEE SHIFTING

50. CLASS-ACTION SUITS

51. BROWN V. B.O.E. “separate but equal” (1954)

52. PLESSY v. FERGUSON -1896

53. “WITH ALL DELIBERATE SPEED…

54. SCHOOL EQUALITY TODAY??? SOLON H.S. HUDSON H.S.

55. AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF

56. COURT OPINIONS

57. MAJORITY OPINION 9-0, 8-1, 7-2, 6-3, 5-4

58. CONCURRING OPINION

59. DISSENTING OPINION (MINORITY)

60. “STARE DECISIS” “let the decision stand” (PRECEDENT)

61. REMEDY

62. ENFORCEMENT POWER IS LOW

63. CHECKS ON THE COURTS

64. CONFIRMATION

65. IMPEACHMENT (15)

66. (JURIS)(DICTION) “the right to speak the law” CHANGES

67. QUALITIES OF A JUDGE

68. TODAY’S COURT

69. JOHN ROBERTS (George W. Bush)

70. ANTONIN SCALIA (Ronald Reagan)

71. ANTHONY KENNEDY (Ronald Reagan)

72. CLARENCE THOMAS (George HW Bush)

74. RUTH BADER GINSBURG (Bill Clinton)

75. STEPHEN BREYER (Bill Clinton)

76. SAMUEL ALITO (George W. Bush)

77. SONIA SOTOMAYOR (Barack Obama)

78. ELENA KAGAN (Barack Obama)

79. APPOINTEES … G.W. BUSH – 2 G.H.W. BUSH – 1 REAGAN – 2 CLINTON – 2 OBAMA - 2

80. AGES… 51 57 61 63 73 75 78 ave.=65.6

81. DEFINITION OF “JUSTICE”