1. InnoGrid2020+ R&D for T+D Panel Session: Towards consumers – What should DSO/TSO RD&D address? Co-funded by the European Union InnoGrid2020+ EDSO & ENTSO-E 2015-04-01

2. The 100% Renewable Objective  Generation increasingly dispersed  Fluctuating feedings at MV and LV level grow  Energy generation will need to adapt  Helpful if consumers do as well  General principle: Don’t crash the grid  Frequency, Voltage, Current stability  Electricity market needs physically stable grid

3. The Consumer Side  Past: price elastic generation + inelastic demand  Future: inelastic generation + elastic demand  100% scenario EU: 1000 GW PV + 1000 GW Wind  Electricity Storage adds elasticity  Electric vehicles, Heat Pumps, Micro Cogeneration

4. What should R+D address?  Flexibility for grid stability: demand response, frequency & voltage control  Today market prices ~ 200 €/kW·a for frequency, 50-100 €/kW·a for voltage  Interoperability / Interchangeability  Cyber Security & Data Privacy

5. The Role of Standards  Standards can reduce transaction costs  Standards have widespread impact  50.2 Hz / 49.5 Hz issue  Standards help to cope with millions of customers  Grid users in transmission and distribution networks  Standardised self regulation needs R&D basis  Reactive Power by Q(U)-droop in low voltage grids

6. Estimates for Value Added Shifting of 1 kWh Energy Blocks Voltage support ~1 ct/kW*h Frequency support ~2 ct/kw*h

7. THANK YOU! Gunnar KAESTLE External Technical Expert ECOS, Rue d’Edimbourg 26, B-1050 Brussels Tel: +32 2 894 46 68 gunnar.kaestle@tu-clausthal.de http://www.ecostandard.org www.twitter.com/ECOS_Standard https://www.linkedin.com/company/ecos-eu Co-funded by the European Union