1. SWBAT: Draw the structure of the product from a reaction of triacylglycerol with hydrogen, or an acid or base Chapter 15 Chem Props of Triacylglycerols

2. Hydrogenation Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats converts carbon-carbon double bonds to single bonds Hydrogen gas is heated through oil with a nickel catalyst Partial hydrogenation changes oil to a soft, semisolid fat (crisco) H2H2

3. Why? Chemical process patented in the 1940’s used to convert oil surpluses from soybean farming into spreadable fats (margarines) to alleviate butter shortage

4. Problem… Incomplete hydrogenation leads to the formation of trans- double bonds→ Trans Fats Trans Fats raise LDL (bad cholesterol ) levels in the body Consumption of Trans Fats is correlated with a rise in CAD during 1960-2000 FDA prohibits use of Trans Fats & requires labeling trans fats in our food Video Link

5. Hydrolysis Breaking the ester bond – yielding fatty acid & glycerol First step in the digesting of triglycerides in the body Carried out by the enzyme lipase Glycerol is soluble in water Fatty Acids are not H+H+ lipase

6. Saponification (sapon = soap) Reacting triglycerides with a strong base Yields glycerol and Fatty Acid Salts (soap) Glycerol tritearate + 3 NaOH glycerol + 3 sodium stearate

7. What is Soap Soaps are aliphaic molecules that have a polar part (facing water molecules) and a non- polar part (facing greasy dirt) Ancient soap making – Animal fats are heated with a strong base (lye from burnt limestone) Fatty acid salts – Sodium paltmitate: Na + - OOC-(CH 2 ) 14 -CH 3 Soap Making Video

8. Food Labels

10. Olestra Fatty Acids from cottonseed or soybean oils Composed of 6 to 8 long- chain Fatty Acids attached to sucrose rather than glycerol We can’t digest it so “Fake Fat” goes straight through our system GI problems occurred 

11. Homework Chapter 15.4 Pg 512-513 #15.30 – 15.36 (even)