1. Revolutionary War April 1775 to October 1881 American Colonists vs. Great Britain (patriots vs. loyalists) (Continentals vs. Read Coats) Major Battles: Lexington & Concord April 18 & 19, 1775 British tried to take the colonial arsenal; British gained nothing & were humiliated Bunker Hill June 17, 1775 Colonists lost because they ran out of ammunition; “hold your fire until you see the whites of their eyes”

2. New York 1776 Colonists lost to Hessians because of poor equipment and lack of training Trenton Dec. 26, 1776 Colonists surprise Hessians and win Saratoga October 1777Colonists win and earn French help Yorktown October 1781Washington corners Cornwallis; British surrender; war ends TURNING POINT: Saratoga WINNER: Colonists RESULTS: British colonies became independent of British power Britain, France, and other major powers recognize American independence Idea of egalitarianism spread to other European nations

3. People of the Revolution John Locke – English philosopher whose natural rights of “life, liberty, and property” were the basis of the Declaration of Independence Charles Cornwallis –Commander of the British Army George Washington – Commander of the Continental Army Marquis de Lafayette – French military leader who helped the Colonists by leading troops from Virginia Friedrich von Steuben – Prussian drillmaster who transformed the Continental Army during the winter of 1777-78 by teaching soldiers how to execute field maneuvers, fire and reload quickly, and wield bayonets