1. #7 Why was Saratoga the turning point in the Revolutionary War?

2. Off to the Races - October 1777 Battle of Saratoga British Strategy: Take Albany-3 pronged attack Burgoyne South from Canada Howe from New York City up Hudson River would split the colonies and meet in Albany, NY St. Leger from the west toward Albany

5. Where is Gen. Howe? September 1777 – Battle of Philadelphia Washington tries to defend Philadelphia but loses at battle at Brandywine, PA Congress is forced to flee to Baltimore St. Leger is attacked by Benedict Arnold’s army-retreats to Canada

6. Burgoyne Fights Alone NO St. Leger and NO General Howe General Gates gets all the credit for the victory, but Benedict Arnold is the real hero for the Colonial Army.

7. Results of the Battle Why is it the turning point? The Colonial Army shows it can win! Colonist gain confidence & the British are hurting AND Here come the French!

9. VIVE LA FRANCE! 1778 Treaty of Alliance – France France joins the colonists effort against the British France would now help by providing ships, supplies, and troops Saratoga is the turning point of war

10. The winter of 1777-78 Good and bad for the Continental Army

11. 1778 Winter at Valley Forge Washington and his troops marching to Valley Forge in Pennsylvania

12. Opportunity  Time for much needed training after Philadelphia loss  Friedrich von Steuben was a tough Prussian drill master - reorganized and trained Continentals at Valley Forge  This renewed the soldiers confidence in themselves, and their ability to succeed

13. “The Crisis”  Thomas Paine writes a new pamphlet  “The Crisis” “These are the times that try men’s souls” “These are the times that try men’s souls”

15. Foreign Volunteers help Americans  Thaddeus Kosciusko – Polish military engineer – planned fortifications at West Point  Lafayette – French nobleman – aide to Washington  Von Stuben – Prussian officer, reorganized and trained Continentals at Valley Forge