1. Cell Reproduction How do cells make new cells?

2. Cell Reproduction Reproduce: process by which living things give rise to other living things –Two Types of Cell Reproduction Asexual: one parent  offspring is identical Sexual: two parents  offspring is not identical

3. Types of Asexual Reproduction 1-Binary Fission –Primary way that bacteria (unicellular) cells reproduce

4. Binary Fission Clip http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_0 7/resources/htmls/animated_biology/unit2/ bio_ch05_0149_ab_fission.htmlhttp://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_0 7/resources/htmls/animated_biology/unit2/ bio_ch05_0149_ab_fission.html

5. 2-Budding Usually seen in yeast cells Cell replicates when a piece of the cell pinches off and separates from the parent cell

6. 3-Spore Found in fungi, algae, protozoa Airborne cells that are released from the parent. They are enclosed and developed when the environment is appropriate

7. 4-Regeneration Ability to re-grow lost parts Found in starfish, earthworms, some reptiles

8. 5-Vegetative Propagation Regeneration in plants from an area that is remaining

9. 6-Mitosis The process where animal cells divide This is a type of asexual reproduction Body cells (somatic cells) go through the process of mitosis

10. Sexual Reproduction in cells Meiosis –Process where sex cells are made in the gonads Gonads  organs where sex cells are made –Male  testes  make and house sperm –Females  ovaries  make and house eggs We will discuss meiosis later!!!!

11. What structures are mainly in charge of cell replication? Chromosomes are composed of DNA and in charge of replication Only visible during cell division as X shaped structures. Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Each X shaped chromosome consists of 2 “sister” chromatids produced during replication  Called DIPLOID  2N The “sister” chromatids are attached at an area called the centromere

13. Cell Cycle Why is the cell cycle called a cycle? Why do you think it’s important for a cell to grow in size during its cell cycle?

14. Cell Cycle- The Cell’s Timeclock

15. Cell Cycle- is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication

16. http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

17. Interphase: not part of mitosis Interphase-(technically not part of mitosis, but it is included in the cell cycle) Cell is in a preparing for mitosis, performing cell functions DNA replicates (copies) Organelles double in number, to prepare for division –G1 - First growth –S - synthesis (copy DNA) –G2 - Second growth

18. Process of Mitosis

20. http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v= zX5c687103030a0864645802&t=Cell- Divisionhttp://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v= zX5c687103030a0864645802&t=Cell- Division http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html

21. Prophase Spindle forms Centrioles move to opposite poles Chromosomes become visible Nuclear membrane breaks down in prometaphase

22. Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the equator

23. Anaphase Centromeres divide Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

24. Telophase Nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes Chromosomes unwind, nuclear membrane forms again

25. Cytokinesis begins Cell pinches inward and forms two daughter cells

28. Visit this website http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=z X645478027c03150f647502&t=Cell- Division http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html It will show you an animation of mitosis

29. Results of Mitosis Same number of chromosomes from generation to generation (46 in humans) Each daughter cell (offspring) gets exact copy of chromosomes

30. Consequences of Incorrect Mitosis Cancer: uncontrolled mitotic division in cells –Timeclock (cell cycle) does not work properly http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/cancer/angio genesis.html

31. Plant Mitosis Same process as in animal cell but plants don’t have the centrioles and a cell plate forms

32. Uses for Mitosis Replicate young embryonic cells Replicate body (somatic) cells. Skin, blood cells Repair damaged cells Controls cell growth and death. –Cytokinins: chemicals that regulate cell replicating