1. Towards A Unified North American Automobile GHG Standard Group 6 Elena Mager Riley O’Brien Sid Tetz

2. Our Focus Light Passenger Vehicle Emissions Policy in North America

3. Department of Energy Canadian Environmental Protection Act Shared Jurisdiction Department of Transporation Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Act National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Energy Policy and Conservation Act Corporate Average Fuel Economy Policy Development U.S.A Canada

4. Technical Details Vehicle size 40 – 65 sq. Feet Average fleet fuel economy 30.1mpg (2012)  35.5 (2016) Numerous credits available by improving – Air conditioning systems – Transmission – Turbochargers – Start stop technology – Hybrid and electric offerings Designed to match US standards Based on vehicle footprint Flexible approach – EAC – ATV treatment – Air conditioning CEPA (1999) gives some regulatory challenges but attempt to match US U.S.ACanada

5. Costs/Benefits under the CAA and CAFE 1.8 billion barrels of oil savings Reduction of 950 million metric tons of carbon dioxide Consumers save more than $4,000 in gasoline costs Increased average vehicle cost $1,100 Potentially lower profits and sales

6. PALTGHG Regulations Cost/Benefit 28 billion L of fuel savings Reduction of 92 Mt CO 2 e PV Benefits: $13.4 billion PV Costs: $4.2 billion Average increase in vehicle cost (2016) $1,195 – estimated payback 1.5 years

7. Critique Transparency OMEGA modelling issues Disparity in US- Canada fleet mix Credit system Treatment of ATV Canada

8. Conclusion