1. DIGITAL LANGUAGE

2. DIGITAL WORDS
bit: binary digit
1 or 0
binary language 2

3. 1 bit = 2 values ON 1

4. 1 bit = 2 values

5. 4 bit word (nybble) = 16 possibilities 42
0000
0101
1010
0001
0110
1011
0010
0111
1100
0011
1000
1101
0100
1001
1110
1111
4 bit word (nybble) = 16 possibilities 42

6. 8 4 2 1

7. BYTE (by eight)= 256 possibilities 28

8. BYTE
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
TOTAL
256 possibilities
(all 0s)

9. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 X O X X X X X O
= ? 65
O = on X = off

10. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 O O X O O X X X
= ?
180

11. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 X X X X X X X X
= ?
0 = white

12. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 O O O O O O O O
= ?
255
TOTAL POSSIBILITIES = 256

13. 1 bit = a 1 or 0 (b) 4 bits = 1 nybble (
1 bit = a 1 or 0 (b) 4 bits = 1 nybble (?) 8 bits = 1 byte (B) 1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB) 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB) 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB) 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (TB)

14. - kilo, meaning 1,000. (one thousand) 10^3 (Kilometer, 1,000 meters) - mega, meaning 1,000,000. (one million) 10^6 (Megawatt, 1,000,000 watts) - giga, meaning 1,000,000,000 (one billion) 10^9 (Gigawatt, 1,000,000,000 watts) - tera, meaning 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) 10^12

15. wikipedia

16. * 2-bit color (2² = 4 colors) * 3-bit color (2³ = 8 colors)

17. * 8-bit color (28 = 256 colors) * 12-bit color (212 = 4,096 colors)

18. 1 bit
2 colors
1 bit
2 colors

19. 2 bits
4 colors

20. 4 bits
16 colors

21. 8 bits
256 colors

22. 16 bits
32,768 colors

23. 32 bits
16.7 million colors

24. X X = or or 1 2 = 1 or or X O 3 O X = 2 or or 4 = 3 or or O O

25. MIDI 16 MIDI channels MIDI events note on = 001 note off = 000
MIDI range
notes = 128
pan = 128
volume = 128

26. Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface

27. MIDI cables are serial, which only allows for bits to be transmitted one after another, in one direction.

28. closed loop in
out

29. STATUS BYTE
MIDI
CHANNEL O
MIDI
EVENT
INDICATOR BIT

30. DATA BYTE X
7 bits =
128 possibilities
INDICATOR BIT

31. X O X O O O O O O O O O O O O O X X X X X X X X O DATA BYTE
STATUS BYTE
DATA BYTE X O X O O O O O O O O O O O O O X X X X X X X X O
VELOCITY
VALUE 128
= fff
NOTE
VALUE 64
= middle E
MIDI
EVENT
note on
MIDI
CHANNEL ?

32. Polyphonic key pressure 010 Control change 011 Program change 100
MIDI COMMANDS
BIT REPRESENTATION
Note off
Note on
Polyphonic key pressure 010
Control change 011
Program change 100
Channel pressure (aftertouch) 101
Pitch bend 110 O X X
MIDI
EVENT
note on

33. 42 O O O O channel 1 = piano channel 2 = horn channel 3 = bagpipe
etc. through 16
MIDI
CHANNEL # 42

34. 128 notes 128 volume levels 128 patches/programs
DATA BYTE
128 values
128 notes
128 volume levels
128 patches/programs
128 pan positions (l-r)

35. Hexadecimal
Since binary numbers can get unwieldy when using large words, hexadecimal notation is often used to represent the values.
Hexadecimal represents 16 states from 0 to 15 using sixteen symbols 0-9 and A-F.
Each word is broken into 4-bit nibbles.

36. So a digital word such as 0001101111110100
0000 = 0
0101 = 5
1010 = A
0001 = 1
0110 = 6
1011 = B
0010 = 2
0111 = 7
1100 = C
0011 = 3
1000 = 8
1101 = D
0100 = 4
1001 = 9
1110 = E
1111 = F
Hex shorthand for nibbles
So a digital word such as
Would be represented in hexadecimal notation as:
B F