1. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU A Pattern for XML Signature Presented by Keiko Hashizume

2. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Outline Introduction A Pattern for WS-Security Conclusion

3. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Introduction Digital signature existed before XML Signature. One of the most common is PKCS#7 Signature. Before XML Signature, it was possible to sign XML documents, but it was not possible to express the signature in an XML format. Also, it was not possible to sign only some parts of the document. XML Signature was developed by the W3C and the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).

4. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU A Pattern for WS-Security XML Signature standard describes the syntax and the process of generating and validating digital signatures. XML Signature provides message integrity, message authentication, and non-repudiation. Context – Users of web services send and receive SOAP messages through insecure channel such as the Internet.

5. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Problem Because SOAP messages travel through insecure channels, they may be intercepted and modified while they are in transit. The solution for this problem is affected by the following forces: – We need to express a digital signature in a standardized XML format, so interoperability can be ensured between applications.

6. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Problem Forces… – Messages may be captured while they are in transit, so we need to be able to verify if this data was modified. – Messages can be sent and later disavowed, so we need to prevent senders to deny having sent a specific message. – An XML message, any part of an XML message, or external resources can be signed. We need a way to refer and locate these elements. – XML documents may be parsed by different processors, and also XML allows some flexibility without changing the semantic of the message. Thus, we need to convert the data to a standard format.

7. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Solution – Structure - Class Diagram Structure

8. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Signature Types Enveloping Signature

9. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Signature Type Enveloped Signature

10. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Signature Type Detached Signature

11. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Signature Type Detached Signature

12. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU – Dynamics Sequence Diagram for the UC: Sign an XML-Element

13. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Consequences This pattern presents the following advantages: – XML Signature describes a common framework for digital signatures. – Using digest algorithms guarantee that any change in the message will invalidate the signature. – A signature is generated using the sender’s private key. Because the sender is the only one that knows his private key, he cannot deny signing the data. – The data being signed is referred by its URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), so elements within XML messages and external resources can be located using their identifiers. – XML Signature uses canonicalization algorithms to ensure that different representations of XML are transformed into a standard format before applying any digest algorithm.

14. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Consequences The pattern also has some (possible) liabilities: – Large overhead because of the use of many types of algorithms such as digest, canonicalization and signature algorithms.

15. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Known Uses Several vendors have developed products that support WS-Security. – Xtradyne’s WS-DBC (Web Service Domain Boundary Controller) http://www.xtradyne.com/products/ws- dbc/WSDBCfeatures.htm http://www.xtradyne.com/products/ws- dbc/WSDBCfeatures.htm – IONA Artix www.iona.com/info/aboutus/collateral/Artix%20and%20Security.p df www.iona.com/info/aboutus/collateral/Artix%20and%20Security.p df – Forum Sentry™ http://forumsys.com/products_sentry_specs.htm http://forumsys.com/products_sentry_specs.htm – SecureXML Digital Signature Web Service http://www.infomosaic.net/Welcome.htm http://www.infomosaic.net/Welcome.htm

16. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Related Patterns – WS-Security Standard uses XML Signature.

17. Secure Systems Research Group - FAU Conclusion We need to develop patterns for the WS – family such as WS-Policy, WS-Privacy, WS- SecureConversation, WS-Federation, and WS- Authorization. We need to develop a pattern diagram describing how this standards are related to each other.