1. If you have questions check out our facebook group!! http://www.facebook.com/groups/350201601657281/ Jacob Matson matsonj@uci.edu

2. Energetics Enzymes stabilize transition state, lower activation energy Gibbs free energy not at equilibrium: ∆G = ∆G ° + RTlnQ R=8.314 J/(K*mol) Q = [product]/[reactant] At equilibrium: ∆G = ∆G ° + RTlnKeq ∆G = 0, easy to solve for Keq

3. Energy Coupling Link an unfavorable reaction (+ ∆G)with a favorable one (- ∆G) Ex: many unfavorable reactions are coupled with ATP hydrolysis ∆H: Enthalpy: heat given off ∆S: Entropy: how disordered something is ∆G = ∆H - ∆TS A reaction has a ∆H = 0.5 kcal/mol, ∆S of 0.001 kcal/mol at 27 C What will ∆G be? Above what temperature will the reaction be favorable? ∆G = 0.5-300*.001=.2 0 =.5-T*.001 T=500K

4. Pyruvate dehydrogenase nameproduct E1 pyruvate dehydrogenase CO2 E2 dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase Acetyl CoA E3 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase NADH

5. Prosthetic groups E1 TPP – thiamine pyrophosphate E2 lipoic acid E3 FAD Note: overall reaction is Oxidative decarboxylation

6. Where is each vitamin found? B1: thiamine -> TPP B2: riboflavin -> FAD B3: niacin -> NAD B5: pantothenic acid -> coenzyme A

7. Which of these does not inhibit deactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1)? A.Ca2+ calcuim activates the phosphatase, releasing inactivation B.NAD C.CoA D.ADP E.Pyruvate

8. What are the products of the TCA cycle (1 cycle)? 2CO2, 1 ATP or GTP 1QH2, 3NADH How many ATP are made per NADH /QH 2 ? 2.5 per NADH 1.5 per QH2

9. How many ATP are made by oxidation of 1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate? Glycolysis= 2 atp + 2.5 from nadh +2.5 from nadh pyruvate carboxylase + 10 from TCA =17 ATP

10. What enzyme catalyzes formation of the following molecule? Succinyl-coa synthetase Succinyl-coA to succinate Makes one GTP/ATP

11. Draw the product of the TCA enzyme linked to the electron transport chain. Succinate to fumarate By Succinate dehydrogenase Aka Complex II In

12. Which enzymes (TCA Cycle) produce NADH + CO 2 through oxidative decarboxylation? Isocitrate dehydrogenase (isocitrate to alphaketoglutarate) Alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alphaketoglutarate to succinyl coa)

13. Draw the product of the final oxidative step of the TCA cycle. Malate dehydrogenase Malate to oxaloacetate Makes nadh

14. Which of these does not inhibit citrate synthase? A.ATP B.Succinyl-CoA C.NADH D.Isocitrate E.They all inhibit it

15. You discover a new species with 5 electron transport chain proteins. In what order will electrons flow through these proteins? E 0 ’ A 0 V B 1 V C -1 V D 3 V E -2 V Start: E C A B D end

16. How many protons are pumped across each complex of the ETC? I: 4 NADH II: 0 succinate III: 4 IV: 2 Where do NADH / Succinate drop off electrons?

17. How many hydrogens need to be transported across the inner membrane to make 1 ATP? 4 3 go through atp synthase 1 needed for symporter of H and Pi

18. How many hydrogens are pumped by the ETC per oxidized glucose molecule? 10 hydrogens per nadh 6 per qH2 Glycolysis: 2nadh Pyruvate dehydrogenase: 2 nadh Tca: 6 nadh 2 QH2 Total 10 nadh 2 qh2 100 + 12 = 112 hydrogens

19. FILL OUT YOUR EVALS PLEASE GOOD LUCK WITH THE FINAL!!!!!!

20. Tired of studying? Watch these videos!! Glycolysis regulation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHMLHCx0ASM&t=2m20s Hey There Pyruvate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TOdcaNw3IA Making ATP http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyN0wx2AHfE&feature=related Oxidate it or Love it http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY

21. If you want them, my answers will also be posted online at the link below within a day after this review. I recommend you try each problem first before seeing the answer to test how much you know. https://webfiles.uci.edu/matsonj/Winter2012/98reviewanswers.ppt