1. Sentence Connectors : signal words or connectives that relates thought within sentences, paragraphs and longer passages

2. ConnectivesFunction And, also, as well as, besides, finally, furthermore, in addition to, in conclusion, moreover More information will follow Examples, for example, kinds, types, sorts, ordinal numbers (1, 2,3 etc), others, several, some, such as, the following ways Examples will follow Even if, however, in spite of, instead of, nevertheless, on the other hand, rather, still, yet, despite An opposite idea will follow All but, exceptException will follow

3. ConnectivesFunction As a result of, because, due to, in order to, on account of, since Cause As a consequence, as a result, consequently, so, so as to, so that, therefore Effect After, as soon as, before, if, provided that, should, while, without, unless, until, following Conditions to be met As, before …... After, like some …..other, than, once ….now Comparison

4. WRITING Find a topic: Use the topic that is limited in terms of time Use the topic that is limited in terms of place Use the topic that is limited in numbers Use the topic that is a sub division of a broad topic

5. Important notes Center your thinking Organize your thinking Be specific in your thinking Present your thought in a clear and standard English

6. Remember English tends to avoid repetition. We can use: Reference (pronoun) Elliptic Substitution Conjunction (linkers, relative pronoun: which, whom)

7. Avian influenza (bird flu) Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. The disease occurs worldwide. While all birds are thought to be susceptible to infection with avian influenza viruses, many wild bird species carry these viruses with no apparent signs of harm.