1. South Africa The end of apartheid and the ongoing struggles facing South Africa.

3. What does apartheid mean?  “An official policy (now ended) of racial segregation and white supremacy enforced by the South African government. "Apartheid" means "apartness," separation of the people according to their race. In South Africa it was used to limit the governing power and place of residence of non-white people.” members.tripod.com/~tutor_me/book/glossary.htm members.tripod.com/~tutor_me/book/glossary.htm

4. How long has apartheid been in existence ?  Apartheid began in 1948 under the Afrikaner Nationalist Party  Apartheid did not end until 1991 when a new constitution was established  In 1994 South Africa had its first fully free election

5. How did apartheid begin?  Apartheid began after the Afrikaner Nationalist Party took control of the government in 1948.  The Afrikaners believed in white supremacy and developed a “laundry list” of laws dedicated to promoting the white race of South Africa. These laws became known collectively as apartheid.

7. The end of apartheid  Under global pressure, including an arms embargo, apartheid ended in 1991  The first full election had taken place in 1994.  In general the transition has been peaceful.  Nelson Mandela became president of South Africa under the new constitution.

8. Currently in South Africa  25.5% unemployment The US is 4.6%  Life expectancy 42.19 (down from 46.5 two years ago) The US is 77.85  Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births) – 22 down from 61 in 2005 The US has 6.43 per 1000

9. What is being done?  South Africa Development Fund Originally developed to help exiles in the struggle for social change, the South Africa Development Fund now works to support communities disadvantaged by decades of apartheid policies.

22. A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982

23. St. Augustine Beach, Fl. 1964

24. Family of Martin Luther King at the funeral- 1968

25. Son of Steve Biko, pictured at funeral - 1977

26. Civil Rights Protest in Alabama - 1963

27. Apartheid Protest in Cape Town South Africa – late 1950’s

28. Segregated water fountain, North Carolina - 1950

29. Segregated public facilities in Johannesburg, 1985

30. "There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountaintop of our desires." “Returning violence for violence multiplies violence, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars…Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that”

31. Nelson MandelaMartin Luther King Jr.