2. Chapter 21: The Evolution of Primates

3. Features Unique to Man Bipedal – Curvature of spine, weight distribution – Pelvis – upright walking – Foramen magnum – base of skull – Longer legs – Alignment of big toe Increase in brain size Skull – Supraorbital ridges absent – Flatter face – U-shape for teeth – Smaller teeth Large nose Large jutting chin Big not not opposable Arched foot Hairless skin

7. 6 mya- Sahelanthropus 4.38 mya- Ardipithecus 4 mya Australopithecus anamensis 3.9 mya -3.0 mya Austral. afarensis 3.5 mya Kenyanthropus

8. 2.7 mya- 1.2 mya Paranthropus(Austr.) boisei 2.0 mya -1.5 mya P.(Austr.) robustus 3.0 mya- 2.0 mya Austra. africanus

9. Lucy - 3.2 mya A. afarensis

10. A. afarensis

11. A. boisei Olduvai Gorge Tanzania 1.8 mya

12. Sagittal crest simian Brow ridges A. boisei _

13. A. robustus

14. Homo habilis 1.9-2.6 mya H. erectus 150,000 mya -1.4 mya H. ergaster 1.7-1.9 mya (archaic H. sapiens) H. heidelbergensis 500,000-800,000 yrs ago

15. H. floresiensis or H. erectus? 18,000 yrs ago H. sapiens sapiens 250,000 yrs ago-present H. neandert(h)alensis - 10,000-350,000 yrs ago

16. 1st 1856 – Neander Valley in Feldhofer caves, Germany Skullcap Other bones, too

17. Neandertal vs modern human

18. ‘Java man’ skullcap – H. erectus

19. 3rd ‘Peking man’ H. erectus China 14 skulls and more stone tools Campfires 300,000-500,000 years ago

20. 4th Homo habilis ‘handy man’ stone tools 2 mya - 1.5 mya Olduvai Gorge 1960’s The Leakeys

21. Homo erectus 1.5 mya - 250,000 First to leave Africa? Long thought a direct descendent of H. sapiens

22. Cro-Magnon

25. http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/ videos/evol07_vid_genconnect.html