1. The study of heredity Genetics

2. 1860’s Austrian Monk Worked with pea plants Used his math background to make new hypotheses about inheritance. Gregor Mendel

3. Mendel’s Experiments

4. Example of Mendel’s work

5. 2 or more “factors” for each trait Dominant-more powerful, always shows (R) Recessive-weaker, sometimes shows (r) Mendel hypothesized that each trait is controlled by a “factor”

6. Mendel knew that 2 parents contribute to inheritance. Therefore, each organism must have 2 factors for each trait. These factors later became known as genes.

7. Purebred (homozygous) both genes the same RR, rr Hybrid (heterozygous) genes are different Rr

8. 1. Law of Segregation – genes separate when gametes form Mendel’s 3 Laws

10. 2. Law of Dominance – when 2 different alleles in a gene pair are present only one gene is expressed

12. 3. Law of Independent Assortment – gene pairs segregate into gametes randomly and independent of each other.

14. Genotype – the actual genetic makeup of the organism (letters) Phenotype – the form of the trait expressed (word)

15. Used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross. Punnett Square

17. 1.Assign letters 2.Set up cross 3.Create Punnett square 4.Determine genotypes 5.Determine phenotypes Dihybrid Cross: 2 factors

18. Golden fur is dominant over silver fur. Long fur is dominant over short fur. 1. Cross a homozygous golden long furred dog with a heterozygous golden furred dog with short hair.

19. Golden fur is dominant over silver fur. Long fur is dominant over short fur. 2. Cross a homozygous silver long furred dog with a heterozygous golden long furred dog.