1. KEY CONCEPT Mendel’s research showed that traits are inherited as discrete units.

2. Mendel laid the groundwork for genetics
Mendel laid the groundwork for genetics. Known as the “Father of Genetics”.
* Gregor Mendel showed that traits are inherited as discrete units, not blended.
Traits are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited.
Genetics is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation.

3. Mendel’s data revealed Laws of inheritance.
Mendel made three key decisions in his experiments.
Use of purebred plants, genetically uniform.
Control over breeding
Observation of seven “either-or” traits

4. Mendel used pollen to fertilize selected pea plants.
Cross: Mating of two organisms.
P (Parental) generation crossed to produce F1 (First Filial) generation.
Mendel interrupted the self-pollination process by removing male flower parts and fertilized the female.
Mendel controlled the
fertilization of his pea plants
by removing the male parts,
or stamens.
He then fertilized the female
part, or pistil, with pollen from
a different pea plant.

5. Mendel allowed the resulting plants to self-pollinate.
Cross of P generation, one purebred white flower with one purebred purple flower.
Among the F1 generation, all plants had purple flowers
Among the F2 generation, some plants had purple flowers and some had white

6. Mendel observed 7 patterns in the first and second generations of his crosses.

7. Mendel drew three important conclusions.
Traits are inherited as discrete units.
Laws of segregation
2. Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent.
3. The two copies segregate during gamete formation.
purple
white