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Published byMadeline Maria Jackson Modified over 9 years ago
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Nineteenth-Century Progress Inventions to Make Life Easier
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Find one invention from the nineteenth century that you think is interesting. (only get a few minutes to do this)
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Setting the Stage Scientific discoveries push the knowledge frontiers New kinds of energy: – Gasoline – Electricity – Hydrogen First used as a fuel source in 1806 Used to power one of the first cars
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Who invented the hydrogen powered car? When was it invented?
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Inventions to Make Life Easier Thomas Edison – Patented more than 1000 inventions – Light bulb Direct current (DC) – Created a research laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey Most of his inventions were created here Worked with Lewis H. Latimer, an African American inventor
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Who was Edison’s greatest rival? Name one of his other inventions.
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Inventions to Make Life Easier Nikola Tesla (1865) – Alternating-current (AC) machinery “Tesla coil” – used for radio technology, still used today Sold patent to Westinghouse Corporation - got the contract for the Chicago World’s Fair – AC current became the best power system of the 20 th c Worldwide standard
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What else did Tesla invent? What product do we know Tesla for today (other than AC)?
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Inventions to Make Life Easier Alexander Graham Bell – Teacher of deaf students – Invented the telephone – Displayed at Philadelphia Centennial Exposition 1876 Guglielmo Marconi used electromagnetic waves to create the first radio – Sent messages using Morse Code without wires – Primitive radios quickly became standard equipment for ships
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What did the first message on Bell’s telephone say?
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Inventions to Make Life Easier Henry Ford – 1880s, German inventors powered a vehicle with gasoline – automobile – Decided to make cars that were affordable Standardized, interchangeable parts Assembly line – line of workers who each put single piece on unfinished car as it passed on moving belt
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What did Ford charge for the FIRST cars off the assembly line? How many cars were on the road in 1913?
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Inventions to Make Life Easier Wright Brothers – Bicycle mechanics from Dayton, Ohio – First heavier than air aircraft to SUCCEED – Kitty Hawk, North Carolina Longest flight 59 seconds Not first in flight though – Henri Giffard - First controlled flight was a dirigible – Da Vinci was obsessed with creating a flying machine
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What animals did Da Vinci study to inform his flying machine?
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New Ideas in Medicine Germ Theory of Disease – Louis Pasteur (mid- 1800s) Discovered fermentation of alcohol was caused by microscopic organisms- bacteria Pasteurization kills germs in liquids
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What is the most often consumed pasteurized drink today?
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New Ideas in Medicine – Joseph Lister Germs explain why 50% of patients died from infection 1865 – ordered all surgical wards be kept spotless, wounds washed with antiseptic – Vaccines were found for deadly diseases People started to live longer
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What was the percentage of patients who survived AFTER Lister made changes?
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New Ideas in Science Mendel and Genetics – 1850s Gregor Mendel used peas to prove genetics Realized there was a pattern to the way certain traits were inherited – Different from Lamarck Said over time, species changed through behavior
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Where was Mendel from?
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New Ideas in Chemistry and Physics John Dalton – all matter made of tiny particles called atoms – Elements have specific weights – Compounds contain more than one element Dmitri Mendeleev – Used Dalton’s ideas to organize the periodic table – Still used today
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What is your favorite element? What is its atomic number?
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Marie and Pierre Curie – Discovered radium and polonium Found in pitchblende - released a powerful form of energy – Called radioactivity – 1903 shared the Nobel Prize in physics radioactivity Ernest Rutherford – atoms were not smallest particles – Nucleus surrounded by electrons New Ideas in Chemistry and Physics
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What year did Marie Curie get the Nobel Prize for Chemistry?
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New Ideas in Science Darwin’s Theory of Evolution – On the Origin of Species – Theory of Evolution Populations grow faster than food supply - competition Only best adapted survive Survivors produce offspring Over many generations, species change – Applied to races with Social Darwinism Reason why Europeans feel the right to colonize other countries
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What was the name of Darwin’s ship? What was his occupation on the ship?
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Social Sciences Explore Behavior (and borrow from the Hard Sciences) Psychology - Study of human mind and behavior – Ivan Pavlov Actions were unconscious reactions to experiences Training could change them – Sigmund Freud Unconscious mind drives actions Psychoanalysis – looks at psychological conflicts due to suppressed memories, desires, and impulses
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Were you expecting a question here? According to Pavlov, what is it called when you are expecting something to happen and react?
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The Rise of Mass Culture Changes produce mass culture – Appeal of art, writing, music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience – Goods cheaper, easier for more people to buy
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The Rise of Mass Culture Music Halls and Vaudeville – Vaudeville acts - variety shows that traveled from town to town Movies – 1880s - moving images – Edison succeeded – 1900s, producing feature films
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The Rise of Mass Culture Sports Entertain Millions – Spectator sports now entertainment – US: football and baseball grew quickly in popularity – Europe: Soccer and Cricket drew huge crowds – Olympic Games 1896 Revived the Greek tradition First games took place in Athens, Greece again Athletics Cyclying Fencing Gymnastics Shooting Swimming Tennis Weightlifting Wrestling Greco-Roman
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