1. Your Audience EXTENSION

2. “While we cannot give people power and we cannot make them empowered, we can provide opportunities, resources and support that they need… in extension we strive to teach people skills and knowledge that will motivate them to take steps to improve their own lives—to be empowered.”(Page & Czuba 1999)

3. What Does It Mean to be Empowered? capable willing enabled having authority determined

4. I could… I can… I will!

5. Will The Path to Empowerment “Empowerment as a process of change…becomes a meaningful concept.” (Page & Czuba 1999)

6. Support Knowledge Enthusiasm Moving From Could to Can Belief Access Desire input Education Values, Beliefs, Expectations, Cultural Norms, Family Tradition, etc.

7. Barriers

8. Moving from Can to Will Motivation and engagement Self concept Self Worth Self Efficacy Locus of Control Belief System Me vs. World output Education Possible Barriers

9. Will Barriers Psychosocial Economic Physical Environmental Cultural Psychological

11. “Every human being has a belief system that they utilize, and it is through this mechanism that we individually, “make sense” of the world around us…If a stimulus is received, it may be interpreted through the belief system to be whatever the belief system might lead the recipient to rationalize.” -–Uso-Domenech & Nescolarde-Selva

12. World view informs thought: Is the world just? Is the world safe? What or who is the ultimate authority? How do I interact with the world I see (my world)? Beliefs must exist in harmony even if that harmony is created superficially Beliefs are developed through: Experience and Observation Family, societal or cultural teachings Demonstration of power or Authority Association and observation of others Life events that challenge or confirm

14. “Self efficacy is concerned with perceived capability…Self esteem is a judgement of self worth.” (Bandura, 2005)

15. Identity: Who Am I? What are the specific qualities of my personality and character? Self -Worth/Self Esteem: Am I Good? Am I Bad? What Do I Deserve? Self –Efficacy: Am I Capable? Can I do It? “Behavior is better predicted by people’s beliefs in their capabilities to do whatever is needed to succeed” (Bandura, 2005)

17. “Locus of control is concerned, not with perceived capability, but with belief about outcome contingencies—whether outcomes are determined by one’s actions or by forces outside one’s control.” (Bandura, 2005)

18. Reactive Proactiv e External Locus of Control Internal Locus of Control What the world does to me:How I influence the world:

19. Barriers

20. Now What? Know your audience and potential barriers Listen! Focus on ownership and choices Reward free thinking and problem solving Engage Create a shared vision Break it down Make expectations real Model capability through real life examples Focus on successes “powerful mastery experiences that provide striking testimony to one’s capacity to effect personal changes can produce a transformational restructuring of efficacy beliefs that is manifested across diverse realms of functioning. Extraordinary personal feats serve as transforming experiences.” (Bandura, 2005)

21. “Empowerment is a multi-dimensional process that helps people gain control over their lives” (Page & Czuba, 1999)

22. Reading List Anand, P & Lea, S. (2011). The psychology and behavioral economics of poverty. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32, 284-293. doi: 10.1016/joep.2010.11.004 Bandura, Albert (2006). Guide for Constructing Self-Efficacy Scales. Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents (14, 307-337). Retrieved from: http://www.ravansanji.ir/files/ravansanji-ir/21655425BanduraGuide2006.pdf Children, Youth, and Families & Socioeconomic Status Fact Sheet. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from: http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/factsheet-cyf.aspx Clay, Alexa & Camfield, Jon (2012). 4 Principles For Creating Change, and 4 Barriers That Make It Harder. Retrieved from http://www.fastcoexist.com/1679609 Hopson, L.M. & Lee, E. (2011). Mitigating the effect of family poverty on academic and behavioral outcomes: The role of school climate in middle and high school. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 2221-2229. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.07.006 Page, N. & Czuba, C.E. (1999) Empowerment: What Is It? Journal of Extension, 37. Retrieved from: http://www.joe.org/joe/1999october/comm1.php Singh, R. & Sarkar, S. (2015). Children’s experience of multidimensional deprivation: Relationship with household monetary poverty. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 56, 43-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2014.06.007 Uso-Domenech, J.L. & Nescolarde-Selva, J. What Are Belief Systems? Retrieved from: Department of Applied Mathematics. University of Alicante. Spain. http://www.vub.ac.be/FOS/cfp/what-are-beliefsystems.pdf Weiner, B. (1985) An Attributional Theory of Achievement Motivation and Emotion. Psychological Review, 92 (4), 548- 573.