1. www.dark-cosmology.dk/~pela Lyman  — The Great Escape Dark Cosmology Centre | Niels Bohr Institutet | Københavns Universitet Peter Laursen – Paris, 2009

2. 2 Ly  escape from high-z galaxies Why? What? How?

3. 3 Ly  escape from high-z galaxies Analytical attempt (Neufeld 1990) Gas density and temperature Dust density and cross-section

4. 4 Neufeld (1991); Hansen & Oh (2006) Multiphase medium? Ly  escape from high-z galaxies – Why does Ly  escape after all?

5. 5 Kunth et al. (1999); Verhamme et al. (2006); Östlin et al. (2008) Outflow? Ly  escape from high-z galaxies – Why does Ly  escape after all?

6. 6 Ly  escape from high-z galaxies Ionized holes? Kunth et al. (2003); Hayes et al. (2007) – Why does Ly  escape after all?

7. 7 Tenori-Tagle et al. (1999); Mas-Hesse et al. (2003) Ly  escape from high-z galaxies Ionized cones + viewing angle? – Why does Ly  escape after all?

8. 8 Numerical approach Cosmological N-body + hydro simulation + Ly  RT on AMR grid with dust

9. 9 Dust Pei (1991) + Weingartner & Draine (2001) + Gnedin et al. (2008) Four important quantities: Cross-section:  d ( ) Density: n d Albedo: A Phase function: P(  ) AV  NHAV  NH e.g. Bohlin, Savage & Drake (1978)

10. 10 Dust Four important quantities: Cross-section:  d ( ) Density: n d Albedo: A Phase function: P(  )

11. 11 Dust Four important quantities: Cross-section:  d ( ) Density: n d Albedo: A Phase function: P(  )

12. 12 Dust Four important quantities: Cross-section:  d ( ) Density: n d Albedo: A Phase function: P(  ) 10 -4 ≥ f ion ≥ 1

13. 13 Dust Calzetti et al. (1995); Lillie et al. (1976); Li & Draine (2001) Four important quantities: Cross-section:  d ( ) Density: n d Albedo: A Phase function: P(  ) A Ly  = 0.32 g Ly  = 0.73

14. 14 In each cell: L Ly , T, v bulk, n HI, n HII, Z C,N,O,Mg,Si,S,Ca,Fe Escape M O C A L A TA ✞ New ñScatter/absorb New  and ñ Interact with gas or dust Propagate thru ISM Emit photon

15. 15 Results Surface brightness map: Without scattering

16. 16 Results Surface brightness map: With scattering and dust; luminous regions affected more

17. 17 Results Surface brightness profile: Prominent features smoothed out 

18. 18 Results Surface brightness profile: Dust helps to make profile looks more extended

19. 19 Results Surface brightness profile: Dust helps to make profile looks more extended Fynbo et al. (2003)

20. 20 Results Spectrum: Escape fraction smallest in the wings

21. 21 Results f esc (M vir ): Escape fraction decreases with galactic mass

22. 22

23. 23

24. 24 IGM transmission

25. 25 Songaila (2004) IGM transmission z = 6.3 z = 5.7 z = 3.6

26. 26 IGM transmission z = 6.3 z = 5.7 z = 3.6

27. 27 Summary Many factors help facilitating the escape of Ly  Spectrum affected in a highly non- grey fashion f esc decreases with increasing M vir Dust makes SB profile even more extended Problem can be inversed: Predict results of future observations (e.g. Ultra-VISTA) You cannot escape the raptor

28. 28 Summary Many factors help facilitating the escape of Ly  Spectrum affected in a highly non- grey fashion f esc decreases with increasing M vir Dust makes SB profile even more extended Problem can be inversed: Predict results of future observations (e.g. Ultra-VISTA) You cannot escape the raptor

29. 29 Summary Many factors help facilitating the escape of Ly  Spectrum affected in a highly non- grey fashion f esc decreases with increasing M vir Dust makes SB profile even more extended Problem can be inversed: Predict results of future observations (e.g. Ultra-VISTA) You cannot escape the raptor

30. 30 Summary Many factors help facilitating the escape of Ly  Spectrum affected in a highly non- grey fashion f esc decreases with increasing M vir Dust makes SB profile even more extended Problem can be inversed: Predict results of future observations (e.g. Ultra-VISTA) You cannot escape the raptor

31. 31 Summary Many factors help facilitating the escape of Ly  Spectrum affected in a highly non- grey fashion f esc decreases with increasing M vir Dust makes SB profile even more extended Problem can be inversed: Predict results of future observations (e.g. Ultra-VISTA) You cannot escape the raptor

32. 32 Extra stuff Parameter study: Escape fraction quite insensitive to input parameters (fortunately/unfortunately)

33. 33 Extra stuff Parameter study: Escape fraction quite insensitive to input parameters (fortunately/unfortunately)

34. 34 Extra stuff Parameter study: Escape fraction quite insensitive to input parameters (fortunately/unfortunately)

35. 35 Extra stuff Simulation parameters (in case of obnoxious question):