1. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

2. DEFINITIONS Anatomy -“to cut apart” -Study of Bodily Structure -Includes: *Systemic or Regional *Gross or Microscopic *Developmental *Imaging

4. DEFINITIONS continued Physiology -“study of nature” -Study of Bodily Function -Includes: *Cell Physiology *Pathophysiology *Immunology *Exercise Physiology

6. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Chemical -Atoms, Molecules Cellular -Organelles, Cells Tissue -Groups of Cells Organ -2 or more tissue types -Specific functions -Recognizable shape

8. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION continued System -Groups of organs with common functions -11 organ systems Organismal -Highest level -All parts of organism

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE Maintain Boundaries -Inside/Outside -Cell Membranes, Integument Movement Responsiveness -Sense & React Digestion -Breakdown & Absorb

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE continued Metabolism -Cellular Chemical Reactions Excretion Growth -Increase in Size and/or Number of Cells Reproduction -Cellular & Organismal

14. FACTORS REQUIRED FOR LIFE Water Food Oxygen Heat Pressure

15. HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis -“Unchanging” -Maintaining a relatively stable internal environment, regardless of external conditions. -Allows changes within narrow limits. -“Dynamic Equilibrium”

17. HOMEOSTASIS continued -Requires: *Receptor – to detect changes *Control Center – to determine set point (normal) and appropriate response to deviations *Effector – to respond to change

19. REGULATION OF HOMEOSTASIS Negative Feedback System -Common -Reverses Change -Results in Fluctuations about Set Point Positive Feedback System -Rare -Change is increased -May be Harmful

22. TERMINOLOGY Anatomical Position -Erect, Palms Forward Directional Terms -Explain Relative Location of Body Parts -Many Paired Opposites Regional Terms -Refer to Specific Body Parts, Regions -Divided into Anterior & Posterior Landmarks

26. TERMINOLOGY continued Body Planes -Frontal (Coronal) *Vertical, Divides into Anterior & Posterior -Transverse *Horizontal, Divides into Superior & Inferior -Sagittal (Para- & Mid-) *Vertical, Divides into Right & Left -Oblique *Diagonal, Between Vertical & Horizontal

29. TERMINOLOGY continued Body Cavities (Protect & Allow for Growth/Change) Dorsal & Ventral form during embryological development -Dorsal *Cranial - Brain *Spinal or Vertebral – Spinal Cord

31. BODY CAVITIES continued -Ventral *Thoracic  Pleural - Lungs  Mediastinal – Between Lungs  Pericardial – Heart; division of mediastinal *Abdominopelvic  Abdominal (Peritoneal)  Pelvic