2. Cell Growth & Differentiation Vol. 10, 545-554, 1999 Inhibition of the Jun Kinase Pathway Blocks DNA Repair, Enhances p53-mediated Apoptosis and Promotes Gene Amplification Ruth A. Gjerset, Svetlana Lebedeva, Ali Haghighi, Sally T. Turla and Dan Mercola

4. (1) MEFs: Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Two independent experiment system (2) A lung tumor cell line derived from mice expressing an oncogenic K-Ras mutation (K-RasG12D) p53 + or - DNA damage (Doxorubicin; a drug used in cancer chemotherapy) p53 + or -

5. cre-lox recombination system Cre-Lox recombination involves the targeting of a specific sequence of DNA and splicing it with the help of an enzyme called Cre recombinase.