1. CONSTRUCTION Objective 6.02

2. Bell Ringer 12/2 What is the most common roof type? What is the least expensive roof type?

3. Objective Review Roof Styles Recognize Components of Construction

4. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet) A. Foundation 1. Footings 2. Slab

5. Construction  We will discuss the Basic Steps needed in ALL types of housing Construction…

6. STEP 1: Planning the housing SITE  Topography – the slope of the land and its other physical features  Influences:  Planning  Construction  Maintenance

7. Types of topography Easiest and least expensive to build on: Flat land, well drained, and free of rocks Not all land/sites are like this: Poorly drained soils may cause swampy yards, wet basements, sewage problems, and poor plant growth In a cold climate, water trapped in poorly drained soils will freeze and expand, sometime causing the foundation to crack

8. Orientation The position of a home on the lot and the direction the home faces. Purpose: allow residents to enjoy sunshine, gentle breezes, and the natural beauty of the housing site Understanding the principles of orientation can help a person choose one apartment unit over another

9. Orientation: using sunlight effectively Help prevent dampness, mildew, and rot Home will need less artificial lighting Regions with cold winter need to utilize the sun exposure South and west sides of a dwelling receive the most sunlight Usually the family room, kitchen, and living room (rooms that are center of family activity) are on the south and west side North side should have the fewest windows

10. Utilizing natural elements, etc. Windbreak: something that protects a housing site from strong winds Trees and shrubs Garages Walls and fences Homes built in the side of a hill

11. Step 2:Choose a FLOORPLAN  Floorplan – a scale diagram of one or more rooms as if seen from above

12. Step 3: The FOUNDATION  Foundation - underlying base of a house  Purpose - supports the home *Poor foundation = poor quality home*  Consists of the footing and foundation walls  Footing - continuous concrete base that supports foundation walls

14. 3 Types of Foundation Construction  1) Basements – “room” like space under a house  2) Crawl Space – space between the ground and bottom floor of home  3) Slabs – a poured layer of concrete, about 4 inches thick  Brainstorm: What do you think would be the advantage of each??? (think about topography and others!)

15. Project  Gingerbread Houses! DUE Friday! NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED! CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN

16. Bell Ringer 12/3  List the 3 different types of foundations.  Sketch an example next to each one.

17. Objective Recognize Components of Construction

18. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet) B. Frame 1. Floor a. Girder b. Floor joist c. Sub-floor 2. Wall a. Studs b. Header c. Plates (1) Top (2) Sole (3) Sill 3. Ceiling/Roof a. Ceiling joist b. Rafters c. Ridge d. Roof truss/truss rafters

19. Step 4: Floor Frame  Floor frame - “skeleton” of the structure  Purpose - Supports the wall and roof materials  If frame isn’t constructed properly, the structure may collapse

20. Floor Frame Process:  Floor Joists, are long pieces of wood that are placed on top of the girders, which are on top of the foundation walls  A thick layer of plywood is attached to the tops of the floor joists. This is called the “Sub-Floor”

21. Floor Frame Girder End Joist Joist Sub-Floor

22. Floor Frame  Interesting Fact- Squeaky Floors are usually a sign of problems with the SUB-FLOOR

23. Step 5: Wall Frame  Purpose - supports the ceiling, upper floors, and roof  Also serves as a nailing base for wall finishes  Wall Studs - a vertical wall framing piece of wood

25. Sill Plate– support piece below a window Sole Plate – support piece above the sub-floor Header – support above a door or window Top Plate- support piece at the very top of the wall frame. Usually Double.

27. Step 6: Ceiling and Roof Framing  Purpose – supports the roof  Roof Words to know:  Roof Truss  Rafter  Ceiling Joist  Ridge

28. Ceiling & Roof Frame  Roof Truss – combines a joist and rafters  Made in the factory, delivered to the site  Come in different shapes (this can provide more or less attic space)  Rafter – support beams that extend from the exterior walls to the ridge (middle)

29. Diagonal beam = RAFTER Horizontal beam = CEILING JOIST TRUSS

32. Ceiling/Roof Frame Process 1)Trusses are built in the factory, shipped to the site 2)Trusses are stacked on top of the wall frame 3) Trusses are secured to wall frame with small metal plates.

33. 4) Roof frame is completed when covered with strong plywood sheets or other type of wood

34. House Frame Video for House Framing: See if you can see all the Framing steps we have discussed! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-009ddTK_Y

35. Project  Gingerbread Houses…  Start putting them together! DUE FRIDAY! NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED! CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN

36. Bell Ringer 12/4 IT’S MY BIRTHDAY  Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks: A large horizontal member in the floor that supports the load of the floor joists and the weight of the floor above it, is known as a: A. GirderB. Joist C. RafterD. Sub-floor

37. Objective Recognize Components of Construction

38. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet) C. Structural Roofing 1. Shingles 2. Slate/Tile 3. Metal 4. Insulation a. R-value b. Blanket c. Loose fill

39. Step 7: Roofing  Protects the home’s interior from the weather  Material must be strong and weatherproof  Common roofing materials:  Asphalt: most often used because its fire-resistant  Fiberglass  Vinyl  Wood  Clay tile  Slate  Concrete tile  Metal

40. Shingles:  Thin pieces of material laid in overlapping rows that cover roofs  Applied after nailing black paper on the roof  The heavier the shingle, the longer its life will be.

41. Flashing  Consists of strips of sheet metal  Installed under the chimney  Insulates the roof from the chimney and prevents moisture from leaking through the roof openings

42. Water Protection  Gutters and downspouts: carry rainwater away from the foundation of the house

43. Step 8: Insulation  Material used to restrict the flow of heated or cooled air within a house to the outdoors.  Millions of tiny air pockets that resist the flow of heat through the material  R-value = resistance of a material to heat movement  Shows the capacity to resist winter heat loss and summer heat gain  The larger the R-value, the more resistance the material has for heat movement.

44. Types of insulation forms  Blanket  Board  Loose-fill

45. Blanket  Available in the shortest rolls  Commonly used in attics, floors, walls, and around pipes and ducts

46. Board  Higher in R- value per inch of thickness than the other forms  More expensive  Used between concrete and earth, around foundation walls, and on one side of the footing

47. Loose-Fill  Used in spaces where other types of insulating are difficult to install.  Also used in attics, inside frame walls, in cores of concrete blocks and as filler between other types of insulation

48. Which Type?

50. Project  Gingerbread Houses…  Start putting them together! DUE FRIDAY! NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED! CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN

51. Bell Ringer 12/5  Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks: Which roofing choice requires stronger rafters and other framing members to support its extra weight? A. MetalB. Shakes C. ShinglesD. Slate/Tile

52. Project  FINISH HOUSE TODAY  SUBMIT FOR JUDGING You can come see it at Holly Days Tomorrow

53. TEST 6.0, 7.0, 8.0  TEST on TUESDAY!!  Multiple Choice  Diagram of a HOUSE FRAME!

54. Bell Ringer 12/8  Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks: Which roofing choice requires stronger rafters and other framing members to support its extra weight? A. MetalB. Shakes C. ShinglesD. Slate/Tile  What are the 3 different types of insulation?

55. Objective Recognize Components of Construction

56. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet) D. Housing Systems 1. Electrical a. Panel box b. Receptacles/Ground fault 2. Plumbing a. Water supply b. Waste water removal E. Heating/Cooling 1. Forced air 2. Radiant heat 3. Heat pump 4. Portable

57. STEP 9: Electrical System  Electricity = movement of electrons along a conductor  Conductor- allows the flow of electrons and is usually a wire (power line)  Electrons follow a path from the source of the electricity to the device and back to the source. This is called a circuit  Ground Wire: electrical conductor that is connected to the earth that one needs to complete a circuit

60. Reduce Electrical fires and shocks  Have household wiring checked every 5 years  Have ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoors

61. STEP 10: Plumbing System  Water Supply  Water is supplied to home from a community water system  Enters the home through the “building main” pipe  Once in home, passes through softener and filter  Then goes through the hot water heater  Finally goes to the appliance or fixture

62. STEP 10: Plumbing System  Waste Water removal  Must be removed from the house so that it does not harm you  Pipes are completely separate from water system pipes  Pipes are LARGER than those for water  When it leaves the house it goes to either a septic tank or a community sewer line DIRTYCLEAN

63. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System Heat Systems:  Conventional Systems  Uses electricity, gas, oil or coal  Based on availability of source and cost  Forced Air = Air heated by furnace and then delivered to room through supply ducts

65. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System Heat Systems:  Conventional Systems  Radiant Heat = Wiring Produces heating  Wire placed in ceiling, floor, or baseboards  High Electricity costs!

66. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System Heat Systems:  Conventional Systems  Central Heat-Pump = Electric refrigeration unit that heats and cools the house  A fan pushes warm/cold air through the house  Most efficient system in moderate/mild climates  Higher price, but it pays off in the long run

67. 1.Heat Pump 2.Evaporative Coil 3.Furnace 4.Air Cleaner 5.Thermostat

68. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System Heat Systems:  Solar Panel System – uses the energy from the sun to heat the house  Saves money and is good for the environment!

69. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System Types of Heat Movement:  Conduction  Transfer of heat from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature by direct contact  Convection  Transfer of heat by means of air flow  Warm air rises to the highest point in a room/home  Radiation  Transmission of heat by means of rays traveling in straight line from a source Example: Sun

70. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System Cooling Systems:  Air conditioners remove excess moisture while they cool and circulate air  Ventilation: supplying a home with fresh air and keeping air circulating throughout a home  Light colored roof will have a cooling reduction of 20-50 %

71. TEST  TEST TOMORROW!!  6.0  7.0  8.0  MULTIPLE CHOICE AND DIAGRAM!

72. Bellringer12/9  Sit Alphabetically  Review for TEST

73. 12/9  http://home.howstuffworks.com/real-estate/home- construction-videos-playlist.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/real-estate/home- construction-videos-playlist.htm  Green Architecture Video  After Discuss Sheet, Redesign Classroom for Mrs. Watkins using solar concepts!