1. Solids, Liquids, and Gases States of Matter

2. All matter takes up space and has mass There are 4 states of matter Example: Water The state of matter depends on temperature.

3. Solids Crystalline solids – Particles are arranged in repeating geometric patterns called crystals. Noncrystalline solids – No crystals – “amorphous solids” – Thick liquids – Ie: glass, plastics, wax Every solid has a definite shape and a definite volume.

4. Liquids A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container. Liquids can’t normally be squeezed to a smaller volume. Example: Ice cream

5. Gases “springy” Expand or contract to fill the space available to them. Can be squeezed into smaller space. Particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container.

6. Plasma The most common state of matter in the universe. Found in stars (the sun) and nebula. (p. 218) A gaslike mixture of positively and negatively charge particles. Thermal Expansion – As a solid is heated, particles move faster – vibrate against each other – particles spread apart in all directions – Solid expands

7. The Kinetic Theory of Matter Tiny particles in constant motion make up all matter. Solid: Particles are held close together by forces between them Lack the energy to move out of position Liquid Particles are held close together like a solid, but they have enough energy to move over and around each other. Gas: The particles of a gas have enough energy to separate completely from each other. Plasma: At an extremely high temperature, the particles collide violently, break up into smaller particles, which are electrically charged.