1. Fall 2014

2.  Many elderly live in poverty, ill health, and inadequate housing  Increasingly, many of those over age 65 will be very old—over age 80–85. In the United States, the number of those over age 85 grew 300% between 1960 and 1996—to 3.8 million people, comprising 1% of the U.S.  By the middle of the next century, 1 in 20 Americans will be over age 85  Women live longer than men (more female drivers)

3.  See also: ◦ Understanding Older Drivers: An Examination of Medical Conditions, Medication Use, and Travel Behavior by AAA (2014) ( https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/files/Medication%20and%20Travel%20B ehaviors%20--%20FINAL%20FTS%20FORMAT%20copy.pdf) https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/files/Medication%20and%20Travel%20B ehaviors%20--%20FINAL%20FTS%20FORMAT%20copy.pdf ◦ Millennials in Motion: Changing Travel Habits of Young Americans and the Implications for Public Policy (Oct. 2014) ( http://www.uspirg.org/sites/pirg/files/reports/Millennials%20in%20Motion%20U SPIRG.pdf ) ( http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/millennials-motion ) http://www.uspirg.org/sites/pirg/files/reports/Millennials%20in%20Motion%20U SPIRG.pdf http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/millennials-motion

16. Values can be used for computing the sight distance at intersections

20. Recommended Design: Skewed Intersection ● In the design of a new facility (or re-design), all intersecting highways should meet at 90 o ● If ROW is restrictive, the skew angle should be no less than 75 o ● If skewed angle smaller, a RTOR prohibition is recommended

21. Recommended Design: Receiving Lane Width ● 12-ft lane and 4-ft shoulder (critical task: lane positioning) Recommended Design: Channelization ● Raised channelization with sloping curbs preferred over pavement markings ● Use retroreflectorized marking maintained at minimum luminance level ● provide acceleration lane for right-turn channelization Recommended Design: Sight Distance Requirements ● PRT should be above 2.5 seconds for left, right and crossing ● Use a minimum of 8.0 seconds for a left-turn from a stopped maneuver

22. Recommended Design: Left-Turn Geometry & Signing ● Provide positive offset design with unrestricted sight distance ● Use truck design templates whenever there is a high probability of truck traffic ● When positive offset design is not possible, provide adequate signing and pavement marking

27. Recommended Design: Curb Radius ● 25 ft to 30 ft to minimize pedestrian crossing and moderate the speed of turning vehicles Recommended Design: Traffic Control for Left-Turn Traffic ● Use separate signal heads ● Use protected-only signals whenever possible (leading rather than lagging) ● Install “LEFT-TURN YIELD ON GREEN” sign ● Green arrow followed by left arrow and then solid red circular red

28. Recommended Design: Street Signs ● 6-in minimum size ● Use overhead-mounted street signs with mixed-case letters ● Use redundant street-name signs (not mandatory) ● If different street names, the names should be separated and accompanied by directional arrows

29. Recommended Design: One-Way/Wrong-Way

31. Recommended Design: Stop Controlled ● Use supplemental sign under stop sign

32. Recommended Design: Pedestrian Crossings ● Use 2.8 ft/s seconds walking speed Where right-turn lane is channelized Two-stage crossing (median refuge island)

33. Recommended Design: Pedestrian Crossings

35. Recommended Design: Exit Signing & Ramp Gore Design ● 1-in letter for every 33 ft distance ● Mixed-case font for overhead signs

36. Recommended Design: Exit Signing & Ramp Gore Design