1. B1b 5 Adaptation for Survival
5.1 Adaptation in animals

2. Lesson objectives Understand how animals adapt to their environment
Understand the relationship between body size and surface area

3. Variety of conditions The Earth has a massive variety of conditions
Arctic wasteland
Desert
Tropical Rainforest
Moorland
Deep ocean
Extreme conditions – all have life
Adapted to the conditions

4. Extreme cold Arctic animal are adapted to deal with it
Biggest problem – keeping warm
The amount you lose depends on how much skin you have
Surface area/volume ratio (SA/V)
Lower the ratio – less you lose

5. Polar Bear

6. Polar Bear Small ears help to reduce heat loss.
Thick fur and a thick layer of body fat insulate from the cold.
White fur acts as camouflage??????
Large feet spread the body’s weight. The wide paws act as good paddles
and snow shoes.

7. Polar Bear Eyes have brown irises
to reduce the glare from sunlight reflection.
Greasy fur repels water and keeps the bear dry.
Skin is actually black
to absorb any heat transmitted through
the hairs.
Body surface area is
small compared to volume
to reduce heat loss.

8. Hot climate Very difficult Very dry Scorching during day
Freezing during night
Body temperature must be stable
Best way is sweating
Lose water
Need other adaptations

9. How is a camel adapted? Brown coat for camouflage.
Fat is stored in the hump. There is no other body fat to prevent overheating.
Loses little water through
sweating or urine.
Long, thin legs mean the body surface area is large compared to volume
to increase heat loss.
Wide feet for spreading
body weight over soft
shifting sand.

10. Adapting to a desert environment
Ears are lined with
fur to prevent sand and dust from
getting in.
Nostrils can close when needed to protect the camel in sandstorms.
A very varied diet, ranging from grass and bark to thorns and bones, is eaten.
Long eyelashes protect the eyes from sand and dust.

11. How are leaves adapted? Broad and flat
Veins carry water to the leaf and take food from the leaf
help to support the leaf.
Plant cells contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll.
Small holes called stomata in the underside of a leaf allow gases in and out
Water evaporates from leaves

12. Prickly customers
Thick, waxy surface to reduce water loss - succulents
Leaves are narrow spines
that reduce water loss and protect
from predators.
Stores water in fleshy stem.
Plant surface area is
small compared to volume to reduce water loss.
Some have shallow,
spreading roots for surface water, others
have deep roots.

13. Learning outcomes How are animals adapted to their environment?
Why is SA/V ratio important?
What adaptations do plants have?