1. Georgia and the American Experience Chapter 5: From Royalty to Independence, 1752-1783 Part 1 Study Presentation © 2005 Clairmont Press

2. Georgia and the American Experience Section 1: The Colonial Period The Colonial PeriodThe Colonial Period Section 2: Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony Georgia Becomes a Royal ColonyGeorgia Becomes a Royal Colony

3. Section 1: The Colonial Period Essential Question : –What were the similarities and differences between the three colonial regions in terms of political, economic, and socio-religious development?

4. Section 1: The Colonial Period What words do I need to know? –New England Colonies –Middle Colonies –Southern Colonies –apprentice –puritans

5. Comparing the Colonies New England Colonies Middle ColoniesSouthern Colonies Land and Climate cold; rugged terrain with rocky soil milder climate; rich soils mildest climate; rich soils Farmingsmall family farms larger farms; wheatlarge plantations; tobacco, rice, silk, indigo Other Industry shipbuilding, whaling, fishing, and furniture building manufacturing, mining, textiles, shipbuilding casks and barrels from longleaf pine forestslongleaf pine forests

6. Colonial Transportation and Communication Boats used for shipping and transportation Stagecoaches were available, but slow mode of transportationStagecoaches Many old Indian trails were used Newspapers read in cities; news often old when it arrived in rural areas

7. Education in the Colonies Schooling took place in home or church; boys were taught practical skills Girls learned homemaking skills Apprentices learned specific skills from master craftsmen master craftsmen First public schools began in New England; only boys attended Wealthy families in South hired private tutors or had their sons schooled in Europe Primitive “Old Field Schools” opened for boys from “common” families

8. Religion in Colonial Georgia Anglican Church, or Church of England, made official church of Georgia colony in 1758 Church attendance expected; shorter sermons and music common Moravians and Jews also practiced religion in GeorgiaMoravians

9. Leisure Activities in Southern Colonies Fox hunting, horse races, week-long parties with friends and relatives popular Food central to large social gatherings Children’s games: jump rope, hoops, tennis, London bridge, hopscotch, leap frog, yo-yos and puzzlesChildren’s games Storytelling

10. Romance and Marriage Girls often married in their early teens Courtships took place at dances, church, or during supervised home visits Weddings were a day-long affair with great celebrationsWeddings Some wealthy families arranged marriages for business gain Husbands were expected to provide; wives could not own property Click to return to Table of Contents

11. Section 2: Georgia Becomes A Royal Colony ESSENTIAL QUESTION –What political forces shaped Georgia after it became a royal colony?

12. Section 2: Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony What words do I need to know? –proprietary colony –royal colony –parish –French and Indian War –palisades –cracker –independence

13. Change in Colonial Government Status Proprietary Colony: governed by a Board of Trustees Georgia ceased to be Proprietary Colony in 1752 Royal Colony: colony directly governed by the King Georgia became a Royal Colony in 1752; some people returned to Georgia who had left the colony while it was proprietary

14. The First Royal Government Naval Captain John Reynolds, first royal governor, arrived in 1754John Reynolds Reynolds introduced the idea of self- government Two-chamber legislature set up: Commons House of Assembly (Lower House) and Governor’s Council (Upper House) Court of Conscience settled disputes; overseen by justice of the peace Only people owning 50 or more acres of land could vote

15. North America, 1754 Spain claimed Florida and Mexico France claimed land from Louisiana to the Great Lakes, and parts of Canada; New Orleans (south) and Detroit (north) anchored French settlements Great Britain had established the 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast 13 colonies

16. French and Indian War Origins France and Great Britain wanted the treasures of the American continentAmerican continent Both countries feared the other would gain the most power France had the stronger army with more experienced leadership; British had better navy Both sides had allies with certain Indian tribes

17. The French and Indian War Both sides claimed the Ohio River Valley area (more than 200,000 square miles)Ohio River Valley The French built several forts in the area; many Indians sided with the French The Virginia governor sent Captain George Washington with soldiers to Fort Necessity (near today’s Pittsburgh); a battle erupted The war soon spread to Europe; by 1758, the British controlled the Ohio Valley The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war

18. Georgia and the War’s Aftermath Treaty of Paris set Georgia’s western boundary at the Mississippi RiverGeorgia’s western boundary Proclamation of 1763 (King George III): Georgia’s southern boundary set at St. Mary’s River; Georgia colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains Cherokee and Creek tribes gave up land claims north of Augusta and in the coastal region

19. Georgia’s First Assembly First met in Savannah in 1755 Passed bills to repair and build roads Organized a militia Codes created to limit rights of slaves Governor Reynolds was replaced in 1757 by Captain Henry Ellis

20. Governor Henry Ellis Believed Savannah was one the world’s hottest places Colonists immigrated to Georgia from South Carolina and the West Indies Offered large land grants and slavery increased (3,600 slaves by 1759) The economy flourished; more farms and goods to buy In 1761, Ellis became royal governor of Nova Scotia, in CanadaEllis

21. Governor James Wright Wanted to expand Georgia’s western lands to settlers Completed Savannah’s defenses by strengthening forts and building palisades (fences made of sharpened stakes)palisades Sunbury became Georgia’s official port of entry Land purchases increased greatly More schools established, but for upper class children

22. Georgia Crackers People from Virginia and the Carolinas settled into middle and western parts of the colony Plantation owners viewed them as “undesirable people” Soon, these lower class peoples were called “crackers,” which was meant as an insultcrackers Crackers were not welcome and thought of as ones who did not obey the colony’s laws Click to return to Table of Contents