1. Achieving dryland women’s empowerment: environmental resilience and social transformation imperatives Presented by: John Morton V. Nelson, J. Morton, L. Forsythe, A. Martin, and M. Hartog Friday 16 October 2015 Women’s Empowerment for a Land Degradation Neutral World United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification COP 12

2. Introduction Resilience is a key concept for the drylands: how drylands people can recover shocks; how longer term transformations can be achieved. Ecologically, resilience is a descriptive attribute of a system. In international development resilience has normative connotations. Link to the adaptive strategies, traditional knowledge and customary institutions of dryland communities as increasingly recognized in policy and international development circles. Valuable insights (e.g. adaptive management in conditions of uncertainty, essential role of multi-stakeholder social learning). But while environmental resilience is needed, social transformation may also be needed

3. Key challenges for dryland resilience and women’s empowerment Dryland peoples suffer marginalization, inappropriate policies, underdevelopment and poverty. Multiple environmental pressures, now joined by climate change Particular discrimination against dryland women: worse outcomes on core development indicators despite playing an important role in managing natural resources. The status quo is not acceptable Gender equality rooted in human rights is an essential development goal and at the same time is vital to achieving environmental resilience.

4. Opportunities Improving women’s access to services that respond to environmental variability and needs for adaptation: basic services risk management, insurance and climate change adaptation programming Improving support for women’s participation in livestock and crop production and processing, and alternative livelihoods animal health services research and advisory services Important need to address strategic interests (decision-making, labour saving technologies, household gender norms) Improving our understanding of gender relations in dryland societies to inform policy and programming

5. Gender justice and resilience Design and implementation of future dryland policies and programmes based on the new understanding of dryland dynamics and co-evolution of social and environmental systems Social and environmental change should not be conflated. It is important to strengthen customary institutions, but at the same time constrictive social norms need to be challenged. Greater understanding of the drivers of change in gender relations is needed. There is a need for: improved recognition of women’s rights, knowledge and contribution; Better representation for women in dryland decision-making; redistribution of resources and services for more equitable outcomes.

6. Priority measures Policy Studies on dryland resilience and women’s empowerment Redistributive measures Improved coverage and design of services to women especially mobile peoples More gender-sensitive climate change adaptation & mitigation, sustainable land management & women’s economic empowerment Private sector sourcing through sustainable procurement Institutional High quality, context-specific analysis on gender and resilience, addressing specific research gaps Gender-equitable climate change and rural development programming Women’s participation and social learning in resilience assessments Redesign of service delivery through participatory reviews, and further investment – addressing harmful practices and constrictive social norms. High-level dialogues with multiple stakeholders on climate-resilience, economic empowerment and risk management Capacity strengthening Investment in capacity strengthening programmes, empowering women and other marginal groups: participatory approaches and engagement across scales. Experimentation and social learning in response to uncertainty Tackling issues of importance to dryland women, engaging men and local leaders Raising awareness to counter stereotypes and gender norms for greater equality

7. All publications are available online at: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/libra rypage/environment- energy/sustainable_land_management.html

8. Thank you John Morton Professor of Development Anthropology For the NRI Team Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Tel: +44 (0) 1634 880088 E-mail: v.j.nelson@gre.ac.ukv.j.nelson@gre.ac.uk