1. Chapter 10: The Baroque

2. The Baroque in Italy Baroque style is defined as the love of extravagant & monumental beauty. NOËL HALLÉ’s Joseph Accused by Potiphar's Wife

3. The Baroque in Italy Gianlorenzo Bernini – His sculpting style infused Renaissance technique with the dynamism and emotional force of the baroque style.

4. The Baroque in Italy Gianlorenzo Bernini – His work became the defining high mark of the counter-Reformation (the Catholic Church reexamined the corruption proposed by Luther and cleaned up the Church.). Bernini’s David

5. Italian Music Opera – This style was born in the baroque age and is drama set to music.

6. Italian Music Opera – Claudio Monteverdi He produced the first operatic masterpiece, Orfeo.

7. Italian Music Opera – Types Opera seria: mythological themes favored by the aristocrats. Opera buffa: comic opera favored by the urban middle class.

8. Italian Music Concerto – This baroque style was mastered by Antonio Vivaldi. – This format saw a small group of instruments perform with a large orchestra.

9. Baroque in Spain Miguel de Cervantes – He writes the most popular literary work in the world, Don Quixote. – The story is about an addled man believing he is a chivalric knight and his adventures.

10. Baroque in France King Louis XIV – He was known as the Sun King and recognized as the most absolutist ruler of Europe.

11. Baroque in France King Louis XIV – He also support the academies, state sponsored agencies that oversaw the training of artists and performers.

12. Baroque in France King Louis XIV – The Palace of Versailles The greatest example of baroque architecture.

13. Baroque in France King Louis XIV – The Palace of Versailles The Hall of Mirrors is one of the highlights of the baroque style.

14. Baroque in France Theater & Dance – Jean Baptiste Lully was the innovator of French opera and French ballet.

15. Baroque in France Theater & Dance – Charles-Louis Beauchamp He formalized foot and leg positions that are still used today. He also allowed woman to perform. He created the first publication of a manual of choreography.

16. The Protestant Baroque Johann Sebastian Bach – He developed the counterpoint, a combination of two or more melodies of equal importance.

17. The Protestant Baroque Johann Sebastian Bach – He developed the cantata, a choral work that became a sacred opera for the Lutherans.

18. The Protestant Baroque Johann Sebastian Bach – He developed a technique called modulation in which a melody could be altered from one key to another without altering the tune. – This worked for all 24 major and minor keys.

19. The Protestant Baroque Johannes Vermeer was the Dutch painter who was the master of light and color.

20. The Protestant Baroque Rembrandt van Rijn – He was regarded as the Dutch master of painting.

21. The Protestant Baroque Rembrandt van Rijn – He also excelled in etchings in which lines were scratched on wax-covered metal plates and then exposed to acid. Jupiter & Antiope

22. New Science The Scientific Revolution – Through empirical observation of nature allowed the arrival at scientific truth. – The verification of proposed truths through experimentation and mathematical calculation.

23. New Science Heliocentric Theory – The idea of the sun being of the center of the solar system replaced the geocentric theory among scientists.

24. New Science Heliocentric Theory – Nicholas Copernicus In 1543, he repopularized the lost idea of the heliocentric theory.

25. New Science Heliocentric Theory – Johannes Kepler This German scientist proved mathematically that the planets actually moved elliptically.

26. New Science Heliocentric Theory – Galileo Galilei He proved the heliocentric theory was correct. – The moon’s of Jupiter. – Venus’s size change. – He was placed under house arrest by the Catholic Church for 18 years until he recanted.

27. New Science Rene Descartes – He challenged modern concepts of thinking through his philosophical work. – He coined “Cognito ergo sum,” (“I think therefore I am.”).

28. New Science Isaac Newton – He developed the universal theory of gravity and motion.

29. English Unrest & Change English Civil War – Initially caused by the absolutist kings, James I and Charles I, trying to rest power from Parliament. – Parliament, led by General Oliver Cromwell, overthrew and executed the king. Oliver Cromwell

30. English Unrest & Change John Milton – He composes the epic poem Paradise Lost, about the fall of Adam and Eve.

31. English Unrest & Change Christopher Wren – The Great Fire of 1666 allowed this architect to place his personal stamp on London.

32. English Unrest & Change Christopher Wren – He most prized work was St. Paul’s Cathedral. – It blended a synthesis of Gothic, Baroque, and Renaissance styles.

33. English Unrest & Change George Frederic Handel – He saved his career with the use of the oratorio, a narrative choral work containing the musical elements of opera, but without action, scenery, or costumes. – His Hallelujah became the pinnacle of his work.

34. English Unrest & Change The Glorious Revolution – Cromwell’s death lead to the reappointment (a.k.a. English Restoration) of King Charles II and King James II, both of which had been raised as Catholics in France. King James II

35. English Unrest & Change The Glorious Revolution – With James fathering a son, Parliament worried that he would try and return England to Catholicism. James Francis Edward Stuart

36. English Unrest & Change The Glorious Revolution – Parliament forced him to abdicate and offered the throne to his daughter, Duchess Mary of Orange, who had married the protestant Duke William of Orange.

37. English Unrest & Change The Glorious Revolution – This created the first limited constitutional monarchy, where the legislative branch was more powerful than the monarchy.

38. English Unrest & Change Philosopher’s of the Revolution – John Locke He promoted the concept of natural rights which were life, liberty, and property. He also proposed the initial idea of the social contract, where society obeys the law so long as government protects them.

39. English Unrest & Change Philosopher’s of the Revolution – Thomas Hobbes He grew up in the chaos of the civil war. He championed the idea of Cromwell’s use of authoritarian power in his book Leviathan.

40. English Unrest & Change Philosopher’s of the Revolution – Political Ideologies Locke became associated with the concept of liberalism, the protection of individual rights and freedom. Hobbes became associated with the concept of conservativism, fear of change and the use of repressive power when necessary.