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Published byMoses Gray Modified over 9 years ago
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BRAZIL
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History The Brazilian Empire (1822-1889) The Old Republic (1889-1930) – decentralized The 1930 coup and Vargas (1930-1945) – Centralized, statist The Populist Republic (1945-1964) Bureaucratic Authoritarianism (1964-85) The transition to democracy (1974-2001) – Abertura – The Constitution (1988) President Lula da Silva (2002-2011) President Dilma Roussef (2011-)
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Political Economy Until 1930 export-led growth – Coffee – 1929 great depression-> reduced demand-> – ISI 1930-> State-led growth (developmentalism) 1989- privatization? – BNDES: state-owned development bank
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Favelas Insufficient welfare system large social inequalities Informal sector Lula focussed on social reform- Bolsa Familia Migration-> Favellas Black-white Brazilians
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Brazil and regionalism
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Government and Policy-making The Executive – Presidential system – Centralized authority in the executive Federalism – 26 states – competition between the centre and states The Legislature: Bicameral No strict separation of powers
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The Executive The President: head of state and government Directly elected every four years Since 1997- two terms Emergency measures (2001 changes) Power to appoint bureaucrats Personal ties
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The Judiciary Supreme Court No clear power to review the executive It can review corruption cases by parliamentarians Appointed by the President, approved by the senate
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Subnational government Governor (elected) Chief advisors Unicameral legislature Governors and mayors are essential support fore Presidents and legislators
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The Legislature Upper house: Senate (81 members) – Each state elect 3 senators – Part of the senate opens for elections in every 4 years Lower house: the Chamber of Deputies (513 members) – Elections every four years
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The legislature Each chamber is equal in law making. No reconciliation committee Once both houses pass a bill, the President can veto or accept The two houses can override the veto by a majority of votes Constitutional amendments require 3/5 of the votes in each house
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The legislature Weak and fragmented. Corruption: 147/513 and 21/81 members Electoral system: – Proportional representation with an open list
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Political Parties Right – Democrats, Liberal Party, Progressive Party – Neoliberal economic policy Center: – Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, Party of Brazilian Social Democracy, Brazilian LaborParty Left – Workers Party, Socialist Party, Communist Party – Reduce inflation, but maintain public sector and welfare state
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