1. Liquids  Many physical properties related to internal attraction of atoms.  Surface tension  Capillary action  Beading  Viscosity  Stronger interparticle attractions cause each of these to increase.

2. Surface tension ® Molecules at the top are only pulled inside. ® Molecules in the middle are attracted in all directions. ® Minimizes surface area.

3. Capillary Action  Liquids spontaneously rise in a narrow tube.  Competition between two forces  Cohesion – attraction to same molecules (water to water for example)  Adhesion – attraction to something different (water to glass)  Glass is polar. It attracts water molecules.

4. Liquid feels attraction to walls of tube. Liquid level rises. Liquid level will continue to rise until force of gravity balances the capillary action. The max height possible depends on size of the tube.

6. Liquid mercury forms a convex meniscus in a glass tube. Polar water forms a concave meniscus. Polar water feels strong adhesive forces (attraction to the glass). Liquid mercury feels stronger cohesive forces (attraction to each other via metallic bonding) than adhesive forces.

7. Beading If a polar substance is placed on a non-polar surface, there are cohesive, but no adhesive forces.

8. Viscosity  How much a liquid resists flowing.  increases with increasing strength of IMFs  also affected by shape of the molecule

9. IMF’s affect....  Surface tension  Capillary action  Beading  Viscosity