1. Oceanography
Chapter 14

2. Oceanography
Science that draws on the methods and knowledge of geology, chemistry, physics, and biology to study all aspects of the ocean.

3. The Blue Planet
Nearly 71 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by the global ocean

4. Earths Oceans
The world ocean can be divided into four main ocean basins—
the Pacific Ocean
the Atlantic Ocean
the Indian Ocean
the Arctic Ocean

6. Ocean Facts
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and has the greatest depth
The Atlantic Ocean is about half the size of the Pacific and not quite as deep
The Indian Ocean, largely a southern hemisphere body, is slightly smaller than the Atlantic
The Arctic Ocean is about 7 percent of the size of the Pacific

7. Ocean Facts
Average ocean depth is 3800 m compared with average continental elevation of 840 m above sea level

8. Mapping the Ocean Floor
The topography of the ocean floor is as diverse as that of the continents
Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor.

9. Mapping the Ocean Floor
Sonar is an acronym for sound navigation and ranging. It works by transmitting sound waves toward the ocean bottom.
Simple sonar-obtains depth of a particular area
Multibeam sonar-obtains a profile of a narrow strip of the seafloor every few seconds (“Moving the lawn”)

11. Satellites
Satellites are able to measure small differences by bouncing microwaves off the ocean surface.
Scientists have discovered that the ocean surface is not perfectly flat.
Gravitational pull of undersea mountains elevate the surface, trenches cause slight depressions

13. Submersibles are small underwater crafts used for deep-sea research.
Some are manned
Others are remote
controlled

14. Ocean Floor Features

15. Remember the ocean floor is VERY diverse.

16. The Ocean Floor The ocean floor regions are the: continental margins
the ocean basin floor
the mid-ocean ridge

17. Continental margins
Is the zone of transition between a continent and the adjacent ocean basin floor.
Two main types
Active- volcanic activity and earthquakes.
Passive- very little volcanic or earthquake activity

18. Draw the next slide in your notes
A continental slope is the steep gradient that leads to the deep-ocean floor and marks the seaward edge of the continental shelf.
Draw the next slide in your notes
Pg 402
DRAW AND LABEL

20. Ocean Basin Floor
The ocean basin floor is the area of the deep-ocean floor between the continental margin and the oceanic ridge.

21. Features of the Ocean Floor
Deep-Ocean Trenches
Abyssal plain
Seamounts

22. Mid- Oceanic Ridge
It is an interconnected system of underwater mountains that have developed on newly formed ocean crust.
A spreading center

23. Homework
Read Chapter 14.2 and answer questions 1-6 on page 405 Read Chapter 14.3 and answer Questions 1-4 on page 409