1. US History Chapter 2 Section 3

2. Spanish Conquistadors Conquistador – explorers who received grants from Spanish rulers ◦ Agreed to give 1/5 of anything discovered ◦ Had fewer men, but conquered the Aztec and Inca empires ◦ Tribute – giving part of wealth to a conquering nation for peace (Aztec system) Hernan Cortes ◦ Marched on Tenochitalan (Aztec capital) ◦ Took Montezuma, Aztec emperor, prisoner ◦ Montezuma dies in an Aztec uprising against the Spanish Spain now controls region of Mexico

3. Pizarro and Peru Francisco Pizarro – heard about the Inca ◦ Traveled down the coast to Peru ◦ Captured Inca ruler, Atahualpa ◦ The next year, Spain executed Atahualpa ◦ Spain now controlled the region of Peru Juan Ponce de Leon – first Spanish on mainland of North America ◦ Arrived on present-day Florida ◦ Hoped to find the “Fountain of Youth” ◦ 1565 – established a Spanish fort at St. Augustine, Florida

4. Conquistador Victories Why they won? ◦ New, strange weapons (guns and cannons) ◦ New Animals (horses and vicious dogs) ◦ Native Americans were mad at the Aztec and Inca to begin with (Spanish offered freedom) ◦ New Disease – Native Americans had no immunity to the new diseases the Spanish vicariously brought with them (smallpox) Other Conquistadors ◦ Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca AND Panfilo de Narvaez - shipwrecked in Mexico  Became medicine men (with African, Estevanico) ◦ Hernando de Soto – travelled through modern-day South- East US, crossed the Mississippi River, died of fever in OK ◦ Francisco Vasquez de Coronado – tried to find the “Seven Cities of Cibola”, travelled in Mexico, AZ, NM, KS, and CO

6. Spanish Rule Types of Settlements ◦ Pueblos – towns established as for trade ◦ Missions – religious communities with small town, farmland, and a church ◦ Presidio - fort Spanish Class System ◦ Peninsulares – upper class born in Spain ◦ Creoles – people born in America to Spanish parents ◦ Mestizos – people born in America to Spanish and Native American mixed parents ◦ Africans – enslaved by the Spanish Encomienda – conquistador’s right to demand taxes or labor from the Native American peoples ◦ Bartolome de Las Casas – preist who made Native American slavery awareness in Spain, resulted in New Laws about no Native American slaves. Plantations – a large estate ◦ Main export in West Indies = tobacco and sugar cane ◦ Africans replace Native Americans as plantations slaves ◦ Portuguese did the same in Brazil.