1. A Revised General Model By Rodney Stark ISKCON Congregational Development Ministry

2.  Distinguished Professor of the Social Sciences - Baylor University, Waco, Texas  Co-Director - Institute for Studies of Religion  Founding Editor - Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion  Honorary Professor of Sociology - Peking University, Beijing, China

3.  Every year, hundreds of new religious movements appear.  Some are formed by disgruntled members from older groups.  Some will start because someone created or discovered a new religious culture and convinced others of its authenticity.

4.  Regardless of their origins, almost every new group will have one thing in common: eventual failure.  Roughly, one religious movement out of 1,000 will attract more than 100,000 followers and last for 100 years.  Even most movements that achieve these modest results will be no more than a footnote in the history of religions.

5.  Other things being equal, religious movements will succeed to the degree that:

6.  They retain cultural continuity with the conventional faiths of the societies within which they seek converts.

7.  Their doctrines are non-empirical.

8.  They maintain a medium level of tension with their surrounding environment – are strict, but not too strict.

9.  They have legitimate leaders with adequate authority to be effective ◦ A. Adequate authority requires clear doctrinal justifications for an effective and legitimate leadership ◦ B. Authority is regarded as more legitimate and gains in effectiveness to the degree that members perceive themselves as participants in the system of authority.

10.  They can generate a highly motivated, volunteer, religious labor force, including many willing to proselytize.

11.  They maintain a level of fertility sufficient to at least offset member mortality.

12.  They compete against weak, local conventional religious organizations within a relatively unregulated religious economy.

13.  They sustain strong internal attachments, while remaining an open social network, able to maintain and form ties to outsiders.

14.  They continue to maintain sufficient tension with their environment – remain sufficiently strict.

15.  They socialize the young sufficiently well as to minimize both defection and the appeal of reduced strictness.

16. For more information, please contact the ISKCON Congregational Development Ministry Headquarters: Sridham Mayapur, Cakra Building no. 128 Phone: (+91) 03472 – 245619 Website: namahatta.org Email: cdministry@namahatta.org