1. The Arab Conquest and the High Caliphate

2. I.Introduction  Rise of the Arab Empire

3. II.The Evolution of the Early Caliphate A.The First Succession Crisis 1.Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) 2.Umar (634-644)

4. III.Conquest of the Byzantine Middle East A.Syria 1.Yarmuk (636) 2.Jerusalem (637) B.Egypt

5. IV.Destruction of the Persian Empire A.Qadisiyah (637) B.Persia Defeated (651)

6. V. Why Successful? A.Jihad? B.Mobility C.Exhausted Enemies D.Religious Discontent and Muslim Tolerance

7. VI.Succession Crises A.The First Fitnah 1. Uthman (r. 644-656) 2.Muhammed Ali (r. 656-661) – Battle of the Camel (656) – Battle of Siffin (657) 3.Mu'awiyah (r. 661-680) 4.Yazid (r. 680-683)

8. VII.The Umayyad Dynasty (661- 750) A.The Solidification of Umayyad Power 1.The Second Fitnah 2.Abd al-Malik (r. 685-705) b.Rationalized Administration a.Dome of the Rock Mosque

9. VII.The Umayyad Dynasty (661- 750) B.New Conquests 1.North Africa and Spain 2.Central Asia, China, and India 3.The Byzantine Empire

10. VII.The Umayyad Dynasty (661- 750) C.Tax Reform and the Growth of Islam 1.Pact of Umar D.Demise of the Umayyad Dynasty

11. VIII. The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) A.Founding 1.Baghdad B.The Arab Empire's Golden Age: Harun al- Rashid (r. 786-809)

12. The Arab Conquests

13. Greek Fire

14. IX. Conclusion Continuity Change