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Published byMegan Phillips Modified over 9 years ago
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2/3 Focus: After the death of Muhammad, Arab fighters spread Islam over three continents. Because the Arabs treated conquered people in a fair way, many people converted to Islam willingly Do Now: Identify one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
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2/4 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now:
Under the Umayyad Caliphs, Islamic rule spread. However, internal problems weakened the Umayyads and led to their fall Important Terms: Caliph, Caliphate, Toleration Do Now: Who did Muslim’s refer to as the “people of the book”?
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The Caliphate The period when Muslims were ruled by a caliph and Islam expanded Caliph Successor to Muhammad Abu Bakr was elected to be the 1st caliph
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Islamic Expansion Under Abu Bakr and Umar (his successor) Islamic armies conquered: Parts of the Byzantine empire The Persian empire Egypt
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Reasons for Muslim Success
Very strong warriors Calvary (horses and camels) Byzantine and Persia were weak Muslim leaders treated conquered people fairly Led many to convert to Islam
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Divisions in Islam Divisions developed over how a caliph should be chosen Civil war develops between the Umayyad clan and the followers of Muhammad’s cousin Ali Umayyad are victorious Leads to a permanent split in Islam Sunnis Shiites
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Shiite followers mark the killing of Imam Husayn by the Umayyad
Shiite followers mark the killing of Imam Husayn by the Umayyad. Husayn lead a revolt against the Umayyad by self flagellation
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Divisions in Islam Sunnis Shiites
Believed that the Caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders Did not see the caliph as a religious authority Believed that only the descendants of Muhammad should be caliph
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The Umayyad Dynasty Expanded the Islamic empire
the Indus Valley and Chinese border North Africa Spain Defeat at the Battle of Tours stopped their advance into Europe
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The Umayyad Dynasty Built the Dome of the Rock Mosque
Allowed for religious toleration of Jews and Christians Acceptance; allowed to practice their religion “The People of the Book” Restrictions they were not allowed to spread their religion Had to pay heavy taxes
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End of the Umayyad Dynasty
Expansion led to tensions rich and poor Sunnis and Shiites The Abbasid family unites opposition in a revolt against Umayyad rule Destroy the Umayyad family in 750 Begins the Abbasid Dynasty
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Closure What was the name given to Muhammad’s successors?
What are the two major divisions/sects in Islam? Identify two areas where Islam spread after the death of Muhammad.
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