1. 2/3 Focus:
After the death of Muhammad, Arab fighters spread Islam over three continents.
Because the Arabs treated conquered people in a fair way, many people converted to Islam willingly
Do Now:
Identify one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

2. 2/4 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now:
Under the Umayyad Caliphs, Islamic rule spread. However, internal problems weakened the Umayyads and led to their fall
Important Terms:
Caliph, Caliphate, Toleration
Do Now:
Who did Muslim’s refer to as the “people of the book”?

3. The Caliphate
The period when Muslims were ruled by a caliph and Islam expanded
Caliph
Successor to Muhammad
Abu Bakr was elected to be the 1st caliph

5. Islamic Expansion
Under Abu Bakr and Umar (his successor) Islamic armies conquered:
Parts of the Byzantine empire
The Persian empire
Egypt

7. Reasons for Muslim Success
Very strong warriors
Calvary (horses and camels)
Byzantine and Persia were weak
Muslim leaders treated conquered people fairly
Led many to convert to Islam

8. Divisions in Islam
Divisions developed over how a caliph should be chosen
Civil war develops between the Umayyad clan and the followers of Muhammad’s cousin Ali
Umayyad are victorious
Leads to a permanent split in Islam
Sunnis
Shiites

9. Shiite followers mark the killing of Imam Husayn by the Umayyad
Shiite followers mark the killing of Imam Husayn by the Umayyad. Husayn lead a revolt against the Umayyad by self flagellation

10. Divisions in Islam Sunnis Shiites
Believed that the Caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders
Did not see the caliph as a religious authority
Believed that only the descendants of Muhammad should be caliph

13. The Umayyad Dynasty Expanded the Islamic empire
the Indus Valley and Chinese border
North Africa
Spain
Defeat at the Battle of Tours stopped their advance into Europe

15. The Umayyad Dynasty Built the Dome of the Rock Mosque
Allowed for religious toleration of Jews and Christians
Acceptance; allowed to practice their religion
“The People of the Book”
Restrictions
they were not allowed to spread their religion
Had to pay heavy taxes

16. End of the Umayyad Dynasty
Expansion led to tensions
rich and poor
Sunnis and Shiites
The Abbasid family unites opposition in a revolt against Umayyad rule
Destroy the Umayyad family in 750
Begins the Abbasid Dynasty

17. Closure What was the name given to Muhammad’s successors?
What are the two major divisions/sects in Islam?
Identify two areas where Islam spread after the death of Muhammad.