1. The Human Population

5. World Population 2200 2047 2024 2012 1999 1987 1975 1960 1930 1830

6. What Kept the Human Population in Check For So Many Centuries? Disease! Smallpox, Diptheria, Measles & Scarlet fever kept the child population down Tyhus, Cholera and the Black Plague (14th century) kept the adult population in check

7. Why the Explosion? Discovery of infectious agents Production of vaccines Discovery of penicillin Treatment of sewage

8. World Population Growth Rate and Absolute Growth

9. Why is Growth Rate Decreasing? Lower fertility rates 5.0 in 1960 to 2.7 kids/woman today

10. United Nations Population Projections & Fertility Rates

11. Economic Divisions of the World

12. Different Worlds High-Income, Developed/Industrialize 971 million, 2003 Gross national income per capita (GNI) = >$9386, average $28 550 Middle-Income, Moderately developed 3 billion GNI = $766-$9385, average = $1920 Low-Income, Developing countries 2.3 billion GNI < $765, average = $450

13. Fertility 98% of world population growth is occuring in developing countries! A fertility rate of 2.0 will ensure a stable population if we ignore infant and child mortality, and women who do not reproduce Replacement-level fertility is actually 2.1 in developed countries and higher in developing countries due to the above factors Fertility rates in developed countries now averages 1.6 (lowest = 1.3), whereas in developing countries it averages 2.9 (highest 4.0) Doubling time with a fertility rate at 1.6 is 700 years Doubling time with a fertility rate of 2.7 is 58 years

14. Population Growth in Developed & Developing Countries

15. Rural Populations in Developing Countries What is happening to populations based on small-scale agriculture? What options do they have to survive? 1.Reform the system of land ownership 2.Intensify cultivation 3.Open up new land to farm 4.Engage in illicit activities for income 5.Emigrate (legally or illegally) 6.Move to cities & seek employment

16. City Growth 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Population (millions)

17. Comparing Age Structure in the USA 1985, 2005, 2050

18. Comparing Age Structure in Italy

19. Comparing Age Structure in a Developing Country This projection is based on the assumption that there will be a decline in fertily rate from 4.8 to 2.7 by 2025

20. Comparing Projected Populations 2005 2050

21. Homework Answer question 12 in the back of the chapter, to be handed in for a mark for next week. This will be marked like a free-response question on your AP exam, only I will be marking you more severly as you will have more time to answer and the book to help you Do not use words like « it » and « they »