1. Do Now
Classify the following organisms as as chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, photoautotrophs, or photoheterotrophs:
Clostridium bacteria break down cellulose for carbon and energy
Desulfovibrio breaks down organic acids for energy and carbon.
Chlorobium does photosynthesis for energy and carbon, but uses H2S instad of H2O
Chromatin does photosynthesis for energy and carbon without producing oxygen.

2. Observations
Make your week 2 observations of your Winogradsky columns. Be sure to measure!!!
Don’t lose your records – we still have 4 weeks to go.
You have 10 minutes maximum.

3. Introduction to Bacteria
There are a RIDICULOUS number of different types of bacteria

4. They Do Anything
Trying to describe the diversity of bacteria is like trying to describe the diversity of eukaryotes: you and an Euglena live very different lives!

5. One Way is with Oxygen Use – Anaerobic or Aerobic?
Anaerobic organisms do not use oxygen.
Aerobic organisms require oxygen
Facultative anaerobes will use oxygen if it is available
Microaerophilic organisms need a little oxygen
OXYGEN IS TOXIC!!!

6. Bacteria = Diversity Bacteria live just about everywhere.
Some are chemotrophs, others are autotrophs, and there’s heterotrophs and phototrophs…
So where do we begin???

7. Anaerobes Anerobic organisms are good for lots of things:
Beer, wine, saurkraut, yogurt, cheese, vinegar, olives, bread…

8. Anaerobic Products

9. Bad Anaerobes: Gas gangrene is an example of a disease caused by an anaerobic bacterial infection.
WARNING !!! The next slide is really graphic.
It shows gas gangrene.
View at your own discretion.

10. Last chance
Don’t say I didn’t warn you.
Twice.

11. Gas Gangrene: Clostridium perfringiens
This leg will have to be amputated

12. Happy Anerobes: In our columns
We will now watch part of an animated description of some of the bacteria in a Winogradsky column.
For now, we’ll just be talking about the anerobic bacteria at the bottom of the columns.

13. Clostridium: Anaerobic chemoheterotroph
Strict anaerobe – dies in contact with oxygen
Breaks down cellulose and then glucose for carbon and energy.
Can cause gangrene from untreated deep puncture wounds
Can cause food poisioning in canned foods (expanded can)

14. Desulfovibrio: Anaerobic chemoheterotroph
Uses fermentation waste products and sulfate to get carbon and energy
Notice: Aerobic organisms produce H2O during respiration. Anaerobes produce H2S

15. Oxygen: Sulfur lite

16. Photosynthesis – New Twists
OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS (plants)
H2O + CO2  CH2O + O2
e- donor + inorganic CO2  carbohydrates + e- acceptor
ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS (bacteria)
H2S + CO2  CH2O + S2

17. Anaerobic Photoautotrophs that use H2S during photosynthesis
The green and purple sulfur bacteria are seperated by their tolerance of hydrogen sulfide

18. Not Chlorophyll

19. Anaerobic Photoautotrophs that use organic molecules instead of H2S
Still anaerobic
Use waste of other organisms for electrons

20. The Bottom Line
Define: aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobe, microaerophilic.
Classify bacteria based on their oxygen requirements.
Describe the chemical formula for anoxygenic photosynthesis as done by the green and purple sulfur bacteria.