2. Cellular Respiration  Cellular Respiration : metabolic reactions that convert stored chemical energy into usable chemical energy (ATP).  Where? inside cells of organisms  Two Major Types  Aerobic Respiration- oxygen (electron acceptor) is required to generate ATP  Anaerobic Respiration- talk about this later.

3. Food is ingested Food is modified- broken down Fermentation Lactate Ethanol + CO 2 Fermentation Lactate Ethanol + CO 2 i.Kreb’s Cycle ii.Electron Transport Chain i.Kreb’s Cycle ii.Electron Transport Chain Is Oxygen Present to accept electrons? YES!NO! Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

4. Food is ingested Food is modified- broken down into monomers Fermentation Lactate Ethanol + CO 2 Fermentation Lactate Ethanol + CO 2 i.Kreb’s Cycle ii.Electron Transport Chain i.Kreb’s Cycle ii.Electron Transport Chain Is Oxygen Present to accept electrons? YES!NO! Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

5. Stage 1 of Cellular Respiration Most Common Example: Glycolysis Stage 1 of Cellular Respiration Most Common Example: Glycolysis  Glycolysis : breaking down of glucose  Glucose  pyruvate + ATP  Pyruvate = 3 Carbon sugar

6. O2O2

7. Steps of Glycolysis 1. Phosphates from two ATP molecules are transferred to a single glucose molecule to make a 6- C- PP compound (takes three reactions) 2. The 6-C-PP compound is broken down into two 3- C- P compounds (takes two reactions) 3. Another phosphate is is added to the two 3- C- P compounds to make two 3- C- PP compounds 4. Each 3- C- PP compound is converted into pyruvate, producing four 3-C pyruvates (takes four reactions)

9. Food is ingested Food is modified- broken down Fermentation Lactate Ethanol + CO 2 Fermentation Lactate Ethanol + CO 2 i.Kreb’s Cycle ii.Electron Transport Chain i.Kreb’s Cycle ii.Electron Transport Chain Is Oxygen Present to accept electrons? YES!NO! Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

10. Inner Compartment Electron Transport Chain Inside of Cell

12. Aerobic Respiration Summary  Goal: To make lots of ATP = usable chemical energy for the cell Krebs Cycle  Uses pyruvate to free electrons  Electron Carriers: NADH, FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain  Electrons used to create a H+ gradient to leave via ATP synthase to make ATP.

13. Pre- Krebs Cycle  Pyruvate enters a mitochondrion and is converted into a 2-C compound  By product is a 2-C acetyl molecule (different 2- C compound)  Acetyl binds to a molecule called coenzyme A (CoA) to make acetyl-CoA.

14. Krebs Cycle 1. Acetyl-CoA binds to a 4-C compound, to make a 6-C compound and releases coenzyme A 2. CO 2 is released from 6-C compound, to make a 5-C compound. Electrons are transferred to NAD+, to make NADH 3. CO 2 is released from the 5-C compound, to make a 4-C compound. ATP is made and NADH are made 4. 4-C compound is converted into a different 4-C compound. Electrons are transferred to FAD, to make FADH 2 5. New 4-C compound is converted to original 4-C compound to continue cycle. NADH is made.

15. Electron Transport Chain 1. Electrons from electron carriers NADH and FADH2 pass through the ETC located in the inner mitochondria membrane 2. Energy from the electrons is used to pump H+ ions outside the inner mitochondria compartment 3. Since there is a higher concentration of H+ ions outside, they are transported back inside through carrier protein ATP Synthase 4. ATP Synthase uses the H+ ion gradient to combine ADP & P to make ATP 5. The used electrons and H+ ions bind with oxygen to form water.

17. Aerobic Respiration Movie Topic- Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC Tools- camera, large dry erase board and dry erase markers. Rubric- max 5 pts each Accuracy Easy to See/ Hear Intriguing/ Creative  Vincent and Gavin  Gaby and Kira  Luke and Alivia  Claire and Grant  Alvaro and Thomas  Andrew and Maddie  Shruti and Dominic